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排序方式: 共有119条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
The changes in the anode and cathode potentials in the horizontal plane of a phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC), under various conditions of reactant gas pressure and its utilization, were studied using a single cell with twelve reference electrodes located around the cathode. Pressure-utilization (P-U) potential maps were obtained from the data at various reactant gas partial pressures (PO2, PH2) and their utilization (UO2, UH2). These maps show the corrosion conditions clearly. A PO2-UO2 potential map of maximum cathode potential showed that the cathode is corroded at high oxygen partial pressures and at low oxygen utilization. Cathode corrosion can occur over the entire cell surface. A PH2-UH2 potential map of maximum cathode potential showed that the cathode is corroded at high hydrogen utilization and at any hydrogen partial pressure. However, in this case, cathode materials corrodes at the fuel outlet; the potential does not climb to high values at the fuel inlet area. Fuel gas flowing in series resulted in a lower possibility for corrosion than parallel gas flow. 相似文献
2.
Yoshihiko Okada Hideki Ishida Kaori Sasaki J. Francis Young Takeshi Mitsuda 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1994,77(5):1313-1318
β-dicalcium silicate synthesized by thermal dissociation of hydrothermally prepared hillebrandite (Ca2 (SiO3 )(OH)2 ) exhibits extremely high hydration activity. Characterization of the hydrates obtained and investigation of the hydration mechanism was carried out with the aid of trimethylsilylation analysis, 29 Si magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance, transmission electron microscopy selected area electron diffraction, and XRD. The silicate anion structure of C-S-H consisted mainly of a dimer and a single-chain polymer. Polymerization advances with increasing curing temperature and curing time. The C-S-H has an oriented fibrous structure and exhibits a 0.73-nm dreierketten in the longitudinal direction. On heating, the C-S-H dissociates to form β-C2 S. The temperature at which βC2 S begins to form decreases with increasing chain length of the C-S-H or as the Ca/Si ratio becomes higher. The high activity of β-C2 S is due to its large specific surface area and the fact that the hydration is chemical-reaction-rate-controlled until its completion. As a result, the hydration progresses in situ and C-S-H with a high Ca/Si ratio is formed. 相似文献
3.
Kinetics of hydrothermal reactions have been studied for mixtures of CaO and quartz (<10 μm 10–20 μm) with Ca/Si = 0.8 and 1.0 in stirred suspensions at 120 – 180°C. Reaction proceeds through the sequence: Ca(OH)2 + SiO2 → Ca-rich C-S-H + SiO2 (at 120°C) → poorly crystalline tobermorite (at 140°C)→ highly crystalline tobermorite (at 180°C) → xonotlite at 180°C and Ca/Si = 1.0 and 180°C and Ca/Si = 0.8 if 10–20 μm quartz is used. Reaction is controlled by dissolution of the quartz. For both Ca/Si ratios the radius of the 10–20 μm quartz decreases at a constant rate, viz 0.85 μm/h at 180°C, 0.13 μm/h at 140°C, 0.04 μm/h at 120°C. 相似文献
4.
The cell performance and polarization distribution in the horizontal plane of a phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC) were studied for thirteen different types of gas flow. In all cases, the potentials of the anode and cathode in the fuel outlet area shifted to positive directions. At 90% utilization of fuel, the potential shift and the cell voltage changed significantly from one type to another. Experimental results show that the cell voltage increased, and the potential shift decreased in the following order; CROSS-FLOW < RETURN-FLOW = CO-FLOW < COUNTER-FLOW < type E2. The extent of the change between various types depended on the following three conditions. (1) The fuel gas has an opportunity to be used twice in the horizontal plane of a cell. (2) The fuel gas flow is in parallel with the air flow. (3) The fuel gas flow is opposite to the air flow. These are requirements for obtaining good and stable performance of a fuel cell. The CROSS-FLOW case has none of these three conditions, the RETURN-FLOW case has the first condition, the CO-FLOW case has the second, the COUNTER-FLOW case has the second and the third conditions, and the best gas flow type (type E2) has all. 相似文献
5.
Uchida T Oshita S Ohmori M Tsuno T Soejima K Shinozaki S Take Y Mitsuda K 《Nanoscale research letters》2011,6(1):295
Unique properties of micro- and nanobubbles (MNBs), such as a high adsorption of impurities on their surface, are difficult
to verify because MNBs are too small to observe directly. We thus used a transmission electron microscope (TEM) with the freeze-fractured
replica method to observe oxygen (O2) MNBs in solutions. MNBs in pure water and in 1% NaCl solutions were spherical or oval. Their size distribution estimated
from TEM images close to that of the original solution is measured by light-scattered methods. When we applied this technique
to the observation of O2 MNBs formed in the wastewater of a sewage plant, we found the characteristic features of spherical MNBs that adsorbed surrounding
impurity particles on their surface. 相似文献
6.
Hideki Ishida Kaori Sasaki Yoshihiko Okada Takeshi Mitsuda 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1992,75(9):2541-2546
The effect of curing temperature (40°, 60°, 80°C) on the hydration behavior of β-dicalcium silicate (β-C2 S) was investigated. The β-C2 S was obtained by decomposition of hillebrandite, Ca2 (SiO3 )(OH)2 , at 600°C, has a specific surface area of about 7 m2 /g, and is in the form of fibrous crystals. The dependence of the hydration reaction on temperature continues until the reaction is completed. The hydration is completed in 1 day at 80°C and in 14 days at 14°C. The hydration mechanism is different above and below 60°C, but at a given temperature, the reaction mechanism and the silicate anion structures of C-S-H do not change significantly from the initial to the late stages of the reaction. High curing temperature and long curing times after completion of reaction promote silicate polymerization. The Ca/Si ratio of C-S-H shows high values, being almost 2.0 above 60°C and 1.95 below 40°C. 相似文献
7.
K. Sakai Y. Takei R. Yamamoto N. Y. Yamasaki K. Mitsuda M. Hidaka S. Nagasawa S. Kohjiro T. Miyazaki 《Journal of Low Temperature Physics》2014,176(3-4):400-407
We are developing frequency-division multiplexing (FDM) systems with baseband feedback for TES X-ray microcalorimeter arrays for use with the DIOS mission. To meet the requirement of limited cooling capacity at cryogenic temperatures, we developed low-power and FDM-optmized dc-SQUIDs. To make maximum use of the SQUIDs, we also developed digital electronics using FPGA evaluation boards and ADC/DAC FMC daughter cards, and evaluated signal-to-noise ratios and gain-bandwidth products. 相似文献
8.
Fukuhara Mikio Mitsuda Tetsuya Katsumura Yuji Fukawa Akira 《Journal of Materials Science》1985,20(2):710-717
The effect of oxygen and carbide addition on the sinterability of TiN
y
(0.42<y<1)-Ni alloys, in which part of the nitrogen is replaced by oxygen was investigated. It was found that sinterability increased as the oxygen and carbide content increased, but the strength of the resultant sintered alloys was significantly reduced due to the presence of Ni3Ti and Ti2O3 phases when the oxygen content exceeded 50 mol %. The sintered alloy with the highest hardness was found whenx=0.7,y=0.78 and the (V,Ta)C content was 18% by weight and this alloy was characterized by having a low density, good corrosion resistance and the colour of gold. 相似文献
9.
Y. Takei R. Fujimoto Y. Ishisaki U. Morita K. Tanaka T. Koga K. Mitsuda T. Ohashi N. Y. Yamasaki N. Iyomoto T. Ichitsubo K. Sato T. Fujimori T. Oshima K. Futamoto K. Shinozaki T. Morooka S. Nakayama K. Yoshida N. Takai K. Chinone 《Nuclear instruments & methods in physics research. Section A, Accelerators, spectrometers, detectors and associated equipment》2004,520(1-3):340-343
We are developing transition edge sensor (TES) microcalorimeter arrays for future Japanese astronomy missions. Although 6.6 eV energy resolution for 5.9 keV and 74 μs decay time are achieved, our energy resolution was limited by the excess noise of unknown origin. The dominant noise showed 1/R dependence and it only appeared when the current through the TES, I, is larger than 10 μA. This is explained if we assume a constant voltage noise source with a level of 2(4kTCRn)1/2. We also investigated the influence of I on the TES performance and found the TES sensitivity is reduced when the ratio of current to the critical current I/IC is large. It can explain the reduction of observed when operated without a magnetic shield. We also found a strong correlation between IC and or the baseline width. Thus, we conclude that IC is an essential parameter for the TES performance. 相似文献
10.
Y. Ishisaki Y. Enokijima Y. Ezoe T. Ohashi H. Akamatsu R. Yamamoto Y. Takei K. Mitsuda N. Y. Yamasaki S. Yamada 《Journal of Low Temperature Physics》2014,176(3-4):344-349
We have developed Ti/Au bilayer transition-edge sensor (TES) microcalorimeters for future X-ray astrophysical satellite missions such as DIOS. One possible concern on the space use of TES microcalorimeters is its radiation tolerance. We have evaluated the performance of a Ti/Au bilayer (30/40 nm thick) TES microcalorimeter with 1.5 \(\upmu \) m thick Au absorber, before and after irradiation of 150 MeV proton beam with a total dose of 10 krad, corresponding to 10 years in the low Earth orbit. No significant changes on transition temperature, sensitivity, normal resistance, and critical current were observed. The energy resolution for 5.9 keV X-rays was 5.6 \(\pm \) 0.3 eV (FWHM) after the irradiation, which was slightly worse than 5.1 \(\pm \) 0.3 eV before the irradiation. We consider that our TES has sufficient radiation tolerance in orbit. 相似文献