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排序方式: 共有192条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
The steady-state performance of a two-stage recycle fermenter with two different types (I and II) of configurations for staging was investigated numerically for the continuous production of lactic acid. In Type I the bleed broth withdrawn from the first stage is supplied to the second fermenter, and in Type II both filtrate and bleed broth from the first stage are introduced to the second stage. Using four different kinetic models taken from the literature, the effects of operating parameters on the overall lactic acid productivities and the overall substrate conversions are examined. At moderate conversions, productivities for Type I operation are found to be higher than those for Type II and for the single-stage system. In the case of high conversions close to complete consumption, Type II operation is more efficient than the Type I and single-stage systems. For 99% conversion and 40 kg m-3 substrate feed concentration, productivities for Type II are predicted to be 14-74% higher compared to those for the single-stage system at the same bleed ratios. 相似文献
2.
Toshinobu Yoko Toshio Nishiwaki Kanichi Kamiya Sumio Sakka 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1991,74(5):1104-1111
Cu+ ⇌ R+ (R = Li, Na, and K) ion exchange experiments were conducted for 20R2 O·10Al2 O3 ·70SiO2 glasses in molten CuCl at 550°C in air and nitrogen atmospheres. The depth profiles of the copper incorporated into glasses were determined with an electron microprobe X-ray analyzer. The total amount of diffusing copper, M t , strongly depended on the type of alkali ion in the glass and the ion-exchange atmosphere; i.e., M t increased with increasing cationic size in the order Li < Na < K and M t was greater in air than in nitrogen. The Cu ⇌ R+ ion exchange kinetics are discussed in detail. 相似文献
3.
A new optical element capable of converting linear polarization into circular-tangential polarization (i.e., the electric vector is along the tangential direction to a circle) is proposed and demonstrated. The conversion characteristics of the fabricated element are evaluated, and the magnitude of aberration produced by the element is shown to be insignificant. 相似文献
4.
Topological design considering flexibility under periodic loads 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
S. Nishiwaki K. Saitou S. Min N. Kikuchi 《Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization》2000,19(1):4-16
Topology optimization has been extensively considered to design the structural configuration for the stiffness maximization
and the eigenfrequency maximization. In this paper, we construct a topology optimization method implementing flexibility with
the time-periodic loading condition. First, the flexibility in the dynamic periodic loading is formulated using the mutual
energy concept. Second, the multi-optimization problem is formulated using a new multi-objective function in order to obtain
an optimal solution incorporating both flexibility and stiffness. Next, the topology optimization procedure is developed using
the homogenization design method. Finally, some examples are provided to confirm the optimal design method presented here.
Received January 18, 1999 相似文献
5.
6.
Shiro Nishiwaki Andreas Burn Stephan Buecheler Martin Muralt Snke Pilz Valerio Romano Reiner Witte Lukas Krainer Gabriel J. Spühler Ayodhya N. Tiwari 《Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications》2015,23(12):1908-1915
Monolithically integrated Cu(In,Ga)Se2 mini‐modules were fabricated in order to reduce the width of patterning related dead area. The Cu(In,Ga)Se2 layers were prepared on soda‐lime glasses using the multistage process at low substrate temperature below 500 °C. A picosecond laser with a wavelength of 532 nm was used for all of the structuring processes (P1, P2, and P3) for the monolithic integration. A “lift‐off” type structuring was applied for P1 and P3, and an “ablation” type was for P2. The laser structuring was optimized to be minimizing the dead area width, and the width of about 70 µm was successfully achieved. A mini‐module, in which the optimized structuring processes were applied for the integration, demonstrated a certified efficiency of 16.6%. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
7.
Tomoya Hasegawa Mikako Ito Satoru Hasegawa Masaki Teranishi Koki Takeda Shuto Negishi Hiroshi Nishiwaki Jun-ichi Takeda Tyler W. LeBaron Kinji Ohno 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(5)
Molecular hydrogen ameliorates pathological states in a variety of human diseases, animal models, and cell models, but the effects of hydrogen on cancer have been rarely reported. In addition, the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of hydrogen remain mostly unelucidated. We found that hydrogen enhances proliferation of four out of seven human cancer cell lines (the responders). The proliferation-promoting effects were not correlated with basal levels of cellular reactive oxygen species. Expression profiling of the seven cells showed that the responders have higher gene expression of mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) molecules than the non-responders. In addition, the responders have higher mitochondrial mass, higher mitochondrial superoxide, higher mitochondrial membrane potential, and higher mitochondrial spare respiratory capacity than the non-responders. In the responders, hydrogen provoked mitochondrial unfolded protein response (mtUPR). Suppression of cell proliferation by rotenone, an inhibitor of mitochondrial ETC complex I, was rescued by hydrogen in the responders. Hydrogen triggers mtUPR and induces cell proliferation in cancer cells that have high basal and spare mitochondrial ETC activities. 相似文献
8.
Masato Nishikuni Tsuyoshi Takahama Shingo Okamoto Kunimoto Ninomiya Hidenori Nishiwaki Shinya Tsuda Akio Takeoka Michotoshi Ohnishi Shoichi Nakano Yukinori Kuwano 《Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications》1994,2(3):211-219
A new approach to high-performance a-Si solar cells was studied. a-Si films prepared at a high substrate temperature (> 250°C) have a higher absorption coefficient and a low Si H2 bond density. the effect of deposition temperature on the open-circuit voltage (Voc) has been investigated systematically for glass/SnO2 Ipin/metal and glass/metal/nip/indium tin oxide (ITO) structure a-Si solar cells. The Voc is found to depend strongly on the thermal history of the p/i interface. A short-circuit current of 19.5 mA/cm−−2 was achieved for an a-Si solar cell using an a-Si i-layer with a thickness of 4000 Å, which was prepared at a substrate temperature of 270°C. 相似文献
9.
Hidenori Nishiwaki Souichi Sakai Hisao Haku Michitoshi Ohnishi 《Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications》1995,3(4):221-228
A new optimum design, in which the actual daily spectral data under outdoor conditions over a year were considered, was developed for the integrated tandem-type a-Si solar cell submodule with a structure of glass/TCO/a-Si: H(pinpin)/metal. It was found by this design that the optimum cell number connected in series, at which maximum total annual output power was obtained, was small compared with that obtained by the conventional optimum design under standard conditions (AM1.5, 100 mW cm−2). It was also found that when light-induced degradation was considered, the thickness of the i-layer for the second pin cell was thinner than that by the conventional optimum design. 相似文献
10.
Hideki Shige Toshitsugu Ishikawa Michio Suzukawa Masato Nishiwaki Takeshi Yamashita Kei Nakajima Toshimitsu Ito Kenji Higashi Makoto Ayaori Atsushi Yonemura Paul Nestel Haruo Nakamura 《Lipids》1998,33(12):1169-1175
The effects of vitamin E on cholesteryl ester (CE) metabolism in 1774 cells were examined. Pretreatment of 1774 cells with
vitamin E at concentrations above 50 μM significantly decreased acetylated low density lipoprotein (LDL)-induced incorporation
of [14C]oleate into CF in cells in a dose-dependent manner. This was partly due to vitamin E Also significantly inhibiting the uptake
of [3H]CE-labeled acetylated LDL by 1774 cells. A trend existed toward suppression of acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT)
activity in the cell lysate at high vitamin E concentration, but there was no effect on hydrolysis of CE. These data indicate
that vitamin E reduces the uptake of modified LDL and suppresses ACAT activity, resulting in less cholesterol esterification
in macrophages; a novel mechanism underlying the antiatherogenic properties of vitamin E. 相似文献