Analysis of Sub-Threshold Adiabatic Logic Model Using Junctionless MOSFET for Low Power Application

Silicon - In this paper Junctionless Double Gate MOSFET based Efficient Charge Recovery Logic (JL-ECRL) circuits have been driven in sub-threshold regime for the first time in literature to...     

Supersonic fluid flow in parallel with an unstructured mesh

An algorithm has been implemented for time-accurate solutions of the two-dimensional compressible Euler equations using an irregular triangular mesh. The code runs on distributed or shared memory or sequential machines, and is written using the Distributed Irregular Mesh Environment (DIME). DIME is a programming environment for calculations with such meshes, with adaptive mesh refinement and dynamic load balancing. Results are presented for an example of a Mach 3 flow over a step, computed with a 32-processor NCUBE hypercube.     

Kinetics and mechanism of iodide-film growth on lead-effect of short-circuiting and higher-valent dopant

The effect of a higher-valent dopant like Sb on the iodination rate of lead under normal and short-circuit conditions in iodine pressure of 0.615–6.578 kPa and in the temperature range of 423–523 K has been investigated. Like pure Pb, Sb-doped Pb also follows the parabolic law of film growth. The isothermal parabolic rate constants are found to be enhanced due to the presence of Sb. The iodine-vapor-pressure dependence of the isothermal parabolic rate constant has been observed to be k_ppI ₂ ^1/2 . This has been explained on the consideration of electron-hole migration across the film as the rate-limiting step. The activation energy for iodination of Sb-doped Pb under normal condition is estimated to be 64 kJ · mol^–1 in an iodine pressure of 0.615 kPa. The rate of iodide-film growth has been found to increase considerably under a short-circuit mode of experiments. Such observations have been explained with the concept of ion migration as the rate-limiting step for the film-growth process. The iodine pressure dependence of rate constants under short-circuit conditions is observed to be k_pI ₂ ^1/3 , associated with an activation energy value of 51 kJ mol^–1. The effect of putting additional resistances in series to the short-circuit Pt path during iodination of Sb-doped Pb is found to be similar to that observed for pure Pb. Results of the present study have been explained considering the prevalence of Schottky-Wagner type of point defects in the lead-iodide film. Wagner's electrochemical potential gradient has been confirmed to be the main driving force for the film-growth process. Iodide films have been characterized by SEM, EDS, EPMA, XRD, and AES analyses to substantiate the kinetics results.     

Synthesis of MgAl2O4 spinel: seeding effects on formation temperature

Four different methods of MgAl₂O₄ spinel synthesis in the presence and absence of seeds were studied. The four methods used for MgAl₂O₄ synthesis were (a) one sol (boehmite) and one solution [Mg(NO₃)₂]; (b) two sols (boehmite and magnesia); (c) two nitrates (Al and Mg nitrates) and two alkoxides (Al isopropoxide and Mg ethoxide). The use of a nitrate route led to the formation of spinel at the lowest temperature without the influence of seeding. Seeding with spinel crystallites of all the powders except the one-sol and one-solution diphasic gels apparently resulted in a lower formation temperature of MgAl₂O₄ spinel, and this lowering of crystallization temperature can be explained by the nucleation and epitaxial growth mechanism.     

Starch as a Source of Sweetners. The Actual Situation in the United States of America

It is apparent that in the USA a significant trend is underway in the sweetener field. An economic process has now been developed to commercially hydrolyze a starch slurry to D-glucose with glucoamylase enzyme and to convert the D-glucose to a mixture of approximately equal parts of D-glucose and D-fructose with isomerase enzyme. Apart from isomerase converted corn syrups, the other sugars derived from starch, such as corn syrups and sugars and crystalline dextrose as well as maltose, maltotriose and maltitol are important sweetners.     

A novel photogalvanic cell using anthraquinone-2-sulfonate

A photoelectrochemical cell based on the photochemistry of anthraquinone-2-sulfonate (D) has been set up. In the presence of formate at pH 11.0, D on illumination produces D^? or D^2?. In the absence of oxygen, at the platinum electrode the anodic reaction is D^? → D + e, or D^2? → D + 2e, and at the dark electrode the cathodic reaction is O₂ + 2H₂O + 4e → 4OH^?. The open circuit potential of the cell is 500 mV. The short circuit current is 180 μA. The cell has been recycled at least eight times. The efficiency increases with platinized platinum electrode in the dark chamber. The steady current under illumination is 65 μA with the same open circuit voltage of 500 mV. The short circuit current is 250 μA. With a CdS electrode in the illuminated chamber the efficiency is even better. The open circuit voltage is 560 mV. After charging by illumination for 8 h a steady current of 120 μA can be drawn from the cell, with illumination off, for 40 h. The short circuit current is 450 μA. The maximum power output is 4.2 × 10^?6W The cell can be recycled at least four times without any loss in efficiency. Grey deposition on the CdS electrode possibly indicates electrode decomposition.