TRACES OF THE TERRITORY IN SPANISH PHOTOGRAPHY SINCE THE 1990s

This paper proposes a reading of the cultural and social aspects associated with sundry notions of territory through Spanish photography at the end of the twentieth century and the beginning of the twenty-first. An analysis of a series of case studies reveals a new awareness of the common space through the concept of trace, being understood beyond the material imprint, as it falls under the influence of the cultural aspects that clarify the account of the conflict and consciousness of the suburbs and peripheries. Contemporary ruins arising from unbridled urban growth, or the invisible wounds associated with certain places, converge in a series of images that have their own tradition in the conceptual experiments of the 70s and the aesthetics of the “non-site” displayed in the 90s. As background, the economic and political avatars of recent years in Spain – also linked to a global crisis – are manifested in a series of photographic musings whose images portray the scenarios of a premature ruin linked to property speculation and the traces of a collective memory.     

Solvent Extraction of Copper from Sulfate–Chloride Solutions Using LIX 84-IC and LIX 860-IC

ABSTRACT

The effect of chloride ions on the copper extraction equilibria, the rate of extraction, copper/iron selectivity, and chloride extraction was studied for organic phases containing pure ketoxime (LIX 84-IC) and pure nonylaldoxime (LIX 860N-IC). In these systems, the used aqueous phase contained total chloride concentrations from 0 to 110 g/l. It was determined that the chloride ions in the aqueous solution had a large negative effect on the extraction equilibria for LIX 84-IC and a small effect for LIX 860N-IC. This deleterious effect is attributed to an increase in the hydrogen ion activity coefficient in the presence of chloride ions. The chloride accelerated the rate of copper extraction even though the reaction was fast in all the tested conditions. An increase in the temperature from 25°C to 35°C affected positively the extraction equilibria for LIX 84-IC.     

Rheological Properties and Characteristics of Hydraulic Transportation and Heat-Mass Exchange of Coal-Water Fuels

The procedure is proposed for calculating the characteristics of flow and heat exchange of coal-water fuels as applied to the pipeline hydraulic transport and heat-mass exchange in the apparatus of ecologically clean combustion in the objects of power engineering.     

用氮气和戊基黄药浮选时黄铁矿的低电位疏水状态

为了解释和查明N2TEC浮选法的基本原理，本文报道了在用戊基钾黄药(PAX)作捕收剂时，黄铁矿的低电位疏水状态的研究成果。新制定的N2TEC浮选法的目的是提高难处理含金硫化矿金回收率。在典型的N2TEC浮选法中，用氮气代替空气作为浮选气体，戊基钾黄药作为评选含金黄铁矿颗粒的捕收剂。l997年3月，第一个N2TEC浮选工艺在内华达州Lone Tree矿山浮选厂投产，一直操作至今。根据电化学校制接触角测量结果，研究了黄铁矿的低电位、低pH疏水状态与浮选变量(pH、气相组成、捕收剂浓度和黄铁矿电位)之间的关系。     

Improving fairness of TCP Vegas

TCP Vegas exhibits fairness problems even for flows with the same round‐trip time (RTT). We propose an enhanced Vegas with three revisions, replacing BaseRTT with RTT, detecting how fast acknowledgements return and the acceleration of the return speed. The impacts of each of the three proposed revisions are not ignorable. The proposed novel Vegas with the three revisions, called EVA, achieves better fairness under various network conditions. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Treatment of gas-phase methanol in conventional biofilters packed with lava rock

The performance of laboratory scale methanol-degrading biofilters packed with lava rock was checked during almost 1 yr under different conditions. The biomass concentration and biomass adaptation of the inoculum dramatically affected the start-up and the performance of the systems during the first stages of operation. A fast start-up was obtained when using concentrated and adapted inocula, while diluted or non-adapted inocula proved to be much less efficient. The performance of the reactor during long-term operation was significantly affected by the toxic load and moisture content of the gas. Critical loads between 120 and 280 g/m(3)h were reached during different phases of the study. The reactor had a high stability to EBRT changes when working at values between 48.0 and 91.1s, showing little or no negative effect when decreasing the EBRT. Hardly any difference was observed regarding performance when using either a downflow or upflow feed, although slightly better results were obtained when working in a downflow mode.     

Environmental Implications of Treatment of Coastal Sewage Discharges

The environmental implications of implementing the requirement for treatment of coastal sewage prior to discharge, which were put forward in an EC draft Directive on municipal waste-water treatment, are examined. In order to establish the current situation, the results of a national survey of coastal and estuarine sewage discharges are presented. A review of the impact of sewage discharges on the marine environment is presented in conjunction with an assessment of the impact of sewage-treatment processes on the land and in the air. These aspects are integrated into overall conclusions about net environmental impact. Finally, a decision-tree approach to the assignment of priority to additional action required at individual locations is developed.