GENs: generative encoding networks

Machine Learning - Mapping data from and/or onto a known family of distributions has become an important topic in machine learning and data analysis. Deep generative models (e.g., generative...     

Chemical and physical modification of proteins by the hydroxide ion

Proteins are exposed to alkaline conditions during solubilization and/or purification, during food storage and processing, in removal of toxic constituents, and for characterization. During alkali treatment, there are changes in solubility and aggregation, hydrolysis, elimination reactions involving the side chains of certain amino acids, racemization of amino acid residues, addition of compounds to proteins, fragmentation of the peptide chain, as well as modification or elimination of nonprotein constituents. The rates of these reactions are affected by pH, temperature, cations (in some cases), ionic strength (in some cases), protein concentration, and to some extent by the specific nature of the protein. The general mechanisms and stoichiometry of these reactions are described. Other constituents of high protein foods also undergo reactions in alkaline solutions and the products of these reactions may in turn react with proteins. We have described the effect of alkali on enediol formation and fragmentation of carbohydrates, the hydrolysis of lipids in alkaline solution and effect on rate of peroxidation of the polyunsaturated fatty acids, the oxidation of amino acid residues, especially methionine, the oxidation of phenols to benzoquinones, and the catalytic effect of metal ions in alkaline solutions. Alkali treatment is also used in the specific modification of proteins to distinguish between O-glycosyl and amide-linked glycosyl groups, to effect specific cleavage of peptide bonds via beta elimination, in the formation of anhydrotrypsin, anhydrochymotrypsin, anhydrosubtilisin and thiol-subtilisin, and in formation of intrachain crosslinking in proteins.     

The ATSC Digital Television System

The ATSC digital television standard describes a system designed to transmit high-quality video and audio, and ancillary data within a single 6-MHz terrestrial television broadcast channel. This paper outlines the overall architecture of the system and serves as an introduction to the papers that follow in this special issue of the Proceedings of the IEEE.     

Optimising Channel Assignments for Private Mobile Radio Networks in the UHF 2 Band

Private mobile radio (PMR) services are widely used in business and emergency applications. Typically, these services use the UHF 2 band (450–470 MHz). In order to comply with continental practice, the provision of these services in the UK is to be realigned and a new operational assignment will be generated in 2005. However, this can only be achieved with an appropriate model and the ability to make assignments for large regional networks. The purpose of this paper is to bring our experiences of this problem to the wireless arena. We explain the model used when making assignments for UK PMR networks and identify existing techniques and theory which are appropriate for this problem. We demonstrate that improved assignments and estimates of spectral requirements for large operational services can be found.     

InxGa1−xAs (x=0.25–0.35) grown at low temperature

In_xGa_1−xAs (x=0.25–0.35) grown at low temperature on GaAs by molecular beam epitaxy is characterized by Hall effect, transmission electron microscopy, and ultrafast optical testing. As with low temperature (LT) GaAs, the resistivity is generally higher after a brief anneal at 600°C. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy shows all the as-grown epilayers to be heavily dislocated due to the large lattice mismatch (2–3%). When the layers are annealed, in addition to the dislocations, precipitates are also generally observed. As with LT-GaAs, the lifetime shortens as growth temperature is reduced through the range 300–120°C; also, the lifetime in LT-In_xGa_1−xAs is generally shorter in as-grown samples relative to annealed samples. Metal-semiconductor-metal photodetectors fabricated on the material exhibit response times of 1–2 picoseconds, comparable to results reported on GaAs grown at low temperature, and the fastest ever reported in the wavelength range of 1.0–1.3 μm.     

下一代化学纤维

人们在谈论世界正变得越来越小。通常他们是指技术的进步提高了全球通讯和交通的速度。不过 ,世界的确正在变小 ,至少人类的居住地是如此。本文主要论述这一现象与人口膨胀及未来纺织工业的关系。在日本京都和最近召开的荷兰海牙国际会议上 ,世界各国政府对全球性变暖等气候变化的现象都相当重视。1　关注焦点　　各国领导人关注使用石油的直接后果——CO2 的排放问题。人们都提倡为了保护赖以生存和工作的环境 ,应该减少 CO2 的排放。但实际上并没有多少人愿意放弃石油带来的便利的现代生活方式。2　后　果　　上述潜在的问题和全球人口…     

Environmentally Sustainable Construction: Knowledge and Learning in London Planning Departments

Environmentally sustainable construction is now recognised as a significant element of the broader sustainable development agenda and planners are being called upon to play a role in delivering more sustainable patterns of construction and development. This puts particular demands on the knowledge resources of planners since knowledge is implicated in the power relations between planners and developers. This paper examines the interrelationship between knowledge of environmentally sustainable construction and practice in planning departments. Drawing on a survey of and interviews with planners in London, it discusses the construction of knowledge within the dynamics of planning organisations and the potential for learning to promote a more sustainable built environment. Wenger's concept of communities of practice frames the analysis, alongside consideration of the translation of knowledge into bureaucratic and usable forms and the role of knowledge brokers in this process.