一串上升气泡周围流体的湍动特性(英文)

The turbulence behavior of gas-liquid two-phase flow plays an important role in heat transfer and mass transfer in many chemical processes. In this work, a 2D particle image velocimetry (PIV) was used to investigate the turbulent characteristic of fluid induced by a chain of bubbles rising in Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids. The instantaneous flow field, turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) and TKE dissipation rate were measured. The results demonstrated that the TKE profiles were almost symmetrical along the column center and showed higher values in the central region of the column. The TKE was enhanced with the increase of gas flow and decrease of liquid viscosity. The maximum TKE dissipation rate appeared on both sides of the bubble chain, and increased with the increase of gas flow rate or liquid viscosity. These results provide an understanding for gas-liquid mass transfer in non-Newtonian fluids.     

氨基酸在非牛顿流体中的扩散

The amino acids are necessarily nutritious components, their diffusions in body fluid and blood that belong to typical non-Newtonian fluid are of virtual importance to control the diffusive process and help clinical treatment. In this article, a holographic interferometer has been adopted to measure the diffusivity of amino acids in non-Newtonian fluid with the use of real-time holographic interference technique. In order to prove the reliability of the experimental instrument, the diffusivities of sucrose aqueous solution at 298.15K were determined. The meas- ured result displays a satisfactory accuracy of the apparatus used. Furthermore, the diffusion coefficients of glynine, L-serine, L-threonine and L-valine in polyacrylamide （PAM） aqueous solution at 298.15K were measured, respec- tively. The experimental data were fitted by a newly proposed correlation equation based on Li＇s predictive model. The calculating results by the present model are at considerably good agreement with experimental values, and the maximum average deviation is only 0.5%.     

气泡周围流场的PIV测定和浓度场研究

针对单乙醇胺水溶液吸收二氧化碳过程,采用粒子成像测速仪(PIV)对气泡周围的流场进行了测定,流场围绕气泡的对称轴呈对称分布.对速度场实验数据进行拟合,得到了泡顶对称轴上径向速度的分布方程.另外,采用实时激光全息干涉系统对不同液体流速下单乙醇胺吸收二氧化碳的传质过程进行了研究,通过CCD摄像机采集并记录下不同时刻的全息干涉条纹图.由干涉条纹图和浓度-折射率标准曲线,计算出传质达到稳态时气泡周围液相侧近界面浓度分布,近界面浓度及浓度边界层厚度.浓度分布呈指数衰减趋势,且浓度边界层厚度远远小于速度边界层厚度;随着液体流速的增加,气泡周围液相侧浓度边界层厚度和近界面浓度均减小.结合速度分布方程和对流扩散方程,推导出单乙醇胺水溶液吸收二氧化碳过程液相侧浓度分布模型.     

微通道内非牛顿流体中液滴生成机理研究进展

微流体技术良好的可控性为制备均一可控的微液滴提供了新的途径,而非牛顿流体因广泛的应用而受到关注。综述了近年来剪切变稀和黏弹性两类典型非牛顿流体中液滴生成机理的研究进展。围绕流动聚焦型和T型微通道两种典型微通道构型,介绍了非牛顿流体分别作为分散相和连续相时液滴生成过程的界面演化动力学,并与牛顿流体液滴生成过程进行了对比,分析了剪切变稀特性和弹性对主液滴和卫星液滴生成的影响。展望了非牛顿流体液滴生成过程待解决的关键科学问题,为进一步的模拟和实验研究提供了借鉴和参考。     

T型微通道内浆料体系中气泡生成行为与尺寸预测

实验研究了T型微通道内浆料中气泡的生成过程和尺寸。聚丙乙烯微球浆料和N₂分别为连续相和分散相。气泡的生成过程可分为三个阶段：膨胀阶段、挤压阶段和快速夹断阶段。随着浆料浓度的增大,膨胀阶段时长几乎没有变化,挤压阶段显著缩短,而快速夹断阶段略有缩短。在膨胀阶段和快速夹断阶段,气泡颈部宽度与无量纲剩余时间均呈幂率关系,而挤压阶段气泡颈部宽度与时间呈线性关系。考察了浆料浓度、气相和浆料流量对气泡生成尺寸的影响。结果表明气泡尺寸随气相流量的增大而增大,随液相流量和浆料浓度的增大而减小。     

微通道内液滴/气泡破裂动力学分析

微化学工程与技术是现代化学工程学科的前沿领域。微通道内液滴及气泡破裂动力学是决定多相过程并行微通道数目放大的基础与难点。破裂流型转换条件、界面动力学和尺寸调控等三方面是微通道内液滴与气泡破裂动力学的主要研究对象。讨论了对称微通道、非对称微通道、多级微通道、旁路微通道、含有障碍物的微通道内气泡和液滴破裂行为及影响因素,指出了目前微尺度下气泡与液滴破裂行为相关研究工作存在的不足,并对该领域未来的发展进行了展望。     

微通道内表面活性剂与界面传递现象研究进展

表面活性剂在微流体应用中具有重要作用,常伴随动态界面传递现象。综述了微通道内含表面活性剂的多相流研究进展,剖析了液滴尺寸、液体流变性、压力降与微流体中动态界面张力的关系。总结了表面活性剂作用下的界面传递现象,如气泡及液滴的生成、运动、形变、破裂和聚并动力学的研究进展。综述了微流体中表面活性剂的吸附动力学,对该领域的发展方向进行了展望。     

L-精氨酸在非牛顿流体中的扩散系数

L-Arginine is an important component of amino acid injection. Its diffusion in body fluid and blood is of key importance to understand drug diffusion and drug release. As a fundamental demand for study and being a considerably valuable reference for application, in this study, the diffusion coefficients of L-arginine in polyacrylamide（PAM） aqueous solution used as non-Newtonian fluid similar to blood and body fluid were measured using a holographic interferometer. The effects of interaction among molecules and solution concentration on diffusion were analyzed and discussed, respectively. Based on the obstruction-scaling model, a novel modified model was presented for predicting diffusivity of solute in non-Newtonian fluid. Good agreement was achieved between the calculated value and the experimental data.     

微通道内气液(液液)二相流的实验研究进展

综述了微通道内气液(液液)二相流的流型特征.微通道内气液二相流常见的流型为泡状流、弹状流、环状流和翻腾流;液液二相流常见的流型为液滴流、塞状流、平行流及环状流.分析了不同操作条件对气液(液液)二相流行为的影响.介绍了微通道内气液(液液)二相流流型判别谱图,对常用的弹状流、液滴流和塞状流进行了重点介绍.指出了微通道内气液...     

十字型微通道内气泡形成的实验观察

采用高速摄像仪对聚焦十字型微装置内分散小气泡的生成进行了研究.方形截面微通道的尺寸分别为400pm×400μm和600μm×600μm.氮气为气相,加入表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(soditm dodecyl sulfate,SDS)(0～0.5%(wt))的水-甘油(25%(wt),50%(wt),62%(wt))溶液...