NaPO3 用于粗锑火法精炼过程除铅

针对传统粗锑精炼工艺中除铅的难题,提出用Na PO3作为除铅剂,生成磷酸盐渣浮于锑液表面除去的方法.用热重-差热法和X射线衍射技术研究反应机理并进行粗锑除铅的条件实验.研究发现,Pb O与Na PO3在590℃时即开始吸热反应,在850℃以下主要形成Na Pb4(PO4)3,而在850℃以上主要形成Na Pb PO4,反应彻底.Pb O、Sb2O3和Na PO3混合物的反应表明:在Na PO3量不足时,优先与Pb O反应,只有当Na PO3足量时才会与Sb2O3生成锑的非晶态玻璃.用Na NO3作为氧化剂,在氮气保护下进行了除铅单因素实验,考察反应时间和温度、Na PO3和Na NO3加入量对结果的影响.在最优条件下精锑含铅0.047%,除铅率98.90%.     

Thermodynamics of solubility of Cu_2(OH)_2CO_3 in ammonia-ammonium chloride-ethylenediamine(En)-water system

In order to decrease the evaporating rate of ammonia and increase the solubility of copper in the solution,ethylenediamine was added into the ammonia-ammonium chloride system to leach the copper-containing oxide ores.The thermodynamic model was constructed and the solubility of malachite Cu2(OH)2CO3 in the ammonia-ammonium chloride-ethylenediamine(En)-water system was calculated using the exponential computation method based on both mass balance and charge balance.It is found that the solubility of copper c...     

锰锌软磁铁氧体微粉的液相合成研究进展

介绍了近年来锰锌铁氧体微粉的液相合成研究进展，和国内外各种锰锌铁氧体微粉的液相合成方法及各自特点。而锰锌软磁铁氧体微粉的合成方法是目前改善和提高铁氧体性能的重要手段。     

Thermodynamic calculation of Sn (Ⅳ)-NH4+-Cl--H2O system

According to the principles of simultaneous equilibrium and electronic charge neutrality, the thermodynamics of Sn(Ⅳ)-NH4 -Cl- -H2O system under normal condition was calculated. Relation between all sorts of complex of Sn4 and pH was plotted. Based on thermodynamics analysis and calculation, some experiments were done to validate the relation between the total concentration of tin ion and pH in this system. The results suggest that the total concentration of ammonium and pH are the most important factors which determine whether (NH4)2SnCl6 or Sn(OH)4 exists in this system. Results further suggest when contnet of HCl is more than 6 mol/L, Sn4 in this system will be also precipitated in the form of (NH4)2SnCl6. These results lay the solid theory foundation to preindium tin oxide(ITO), from the tinny material.     

泵类电机变频调速节能及运行分析

变频调速是目前国内较先进的一项电机控制技术，逐步在工业生产申得到推广应用。对流量需变化的泵类负载电机，其应用前景更为广阔。泵类负载传统的流量调节方法是：启闭管道闸阀或档板。传统方法不利于电网及拖动电机的经济运行，电机负载率低。应用变频调速技术控制泵类负载电机，在保证相同负载要求的情况下，与传统方法相比，可提高电机负载率及效率，达到节能之目的；同时，可以改善电机运行性能。通过应用日本富士公司生产的FRENIC5000G7／P7型变频器效果表明：其节电率大于20％，电机运行性能得到改善。究其原因，关键在于该变频器采用了磁通控制式PWM控制（转矩提升控制）技术及启动频率0．5～5Hz可调，并应用微处理器实行实对控制。     

Electrochemical synthesis and characterization of tantalum alkoxides

Tantalum(V) propoxide (Ta(OPrⁿ)₅), isopropoxide (Ta(OPrⁱ)₅) and butoxide(Ta(OBuⁿ)₅) were synthesized by electrochemical reactions of corresponding alcohol at sacrificial tantalum anode in the presence of tetraethylammonium chloride as a conductive additive. The pure products were isolated by reduced pressure distillation under 5 kPa. The crystal of Ta(OPrⁱ)₅ was obtained by recrystallization from hexane at ?10 °C. These samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), Raman spectra, nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (NMR), TG/DTA and ICP-MS. The results show that direct electrochemical synthesis of metal alkoxides has a high current efficiency and electrolysis yield. These alkoxides have a high purity of 99.97% and can be directly used as the precursor of Ta₂O₅ films.     

Synthesis of ultrafine copper particles by complex-reduction-extraction method

A novel chemical process for producing well-defined copper particles with satisfied anti-oxidation property was described. The resultant particles were characterized by X-ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that well-dispersed nano-copper particles with 70 nm in diameter are obtained from the water/organic solution containing 0.2 mol/L Cu2. ion, with ammonia as ligand and ascorbic acid as reductant. In this process, the formation of copper-ligands in aqueous solution causes initial copper ions concentration very low, which is not only good to obtain homogeneous initial reaction solution, but also slower the initially drastic nucleation reaction rate. This makes the process more convenient for delaying the nuclei processes and for controlling the ultimate copper particles size. In addition, oleic acid acts as both a phase-transfer agent and a particle protector coordinating their carboxyl end groups on the new generated copper particles surface, the carbon tails of the oleic acids are pointed outwards from the surface of the synthesized particles. This organic film also seems to play an important role to prevent the new generated copper particles from oxidation.     

NH_3-NH_4Cl-H_2O体系浸出低品位氧化锌矿制取电锌

对NH3-NH4Cl-H2O体系采用浸出法直接从低品位氧化锌矿提取锌,锌以锌氨配合物形式进入浸出液,浸出液中的As,Sb,Fe,SO42-和CO32-等杂质通过净化脱除.在最优浸出条件下,锌浸出率为88.9%;浸出液中As,Sb,Fe浓度可降至0.25 mg/L;CaCl2,BaCl2可将CO32-和SO42-几乎除尽,其他杂质元素含量也极低,浸出液经锌粉1次净化除杂后进行电积制取电锌.电锌中Zn的质量分数达99.999%,杂质含量极低,其中Fe的质量分数仅为0.00005%;电流效率高达96.35%,直流电耗为2502 kW·h.电解废液经补充氨后返回浸出.     

四针状氧化锌晶须的生长机理

用"时间标尺"实验法测定了T-ZnO晶须在不同生长时期的生长速率,用扫描电镜观察分析了不同条件下晶须的生长形貌.结果表明:T-ZnO晶须的结晶作用是气-液-固(VLS)方式,晶须生长受螺旋生长机理控制;锌蒸气中产生凝聚生长的锌液滴是制备T-ZnO晶须的关键,锌从液滴内向外扩散在晶须的端面产生生长台阶,随着液滴内的原子向外不断扩散,针体部分就不断地伸长生长,当液滴内的原子全部消耗尽时,晶须便不再发生轴向生长;气-固(VS)方式的作用主要是促进晶须棱面生长而使晶须变粗,对轴向生长几乎没有影响.     

甲基磺酸体系铅电沉积工艺研究

针对传统铅电沉积体系稳定性差、环境污染严重、腐蚀性强等问题,提出采用甲基磺酸(MSA)体系电沉积铅,考察了电流密度、铅离子浓度、MSA酸度、温度和极距对电沉积过程的影响。结果表明,在电流密度200 A/m²、铅离子浓度150 g/L、MSA酸度50 g/L、温度45 ℃和极距3.5 cm的条件下,可获得平整光亮、结构致密的铅板,纯度可达99.98%,此过程电流效率高于99%,能耗为612 kWh/t,相较于传统硅氟酸体系能耗(800 kWh/t)降低了188 kWh/t。该体系具有稳定性强、不含卤素和节能环保等优点,具有较为广泛的应用前景。