APPLICATION OF MOLECULAR ORBITAL THEORY TO ANALYSIS OF PHASE STABILITY FOR ALLOYS

The critical _d vahues ( _ ) of the γ/(γ+σ).γ/(γ+μ) and γ/(γ+γ') phase boundaries insome ternar alloy phase diagrams at various temperatures are calculated by averaging the _d values of sererai selected characteristic points at the phase boundaries.Approxmateequations for the temperature dependence of the critical _d of γ/(γ+σ).γ/(γ+μ) andγ/(γ+γ') phase boundaries are established.The accuracy of the analysis is discussed in detail.It is found for the first time that the average value of the bondorder _ at the phase boundaries ts also approximatelr a constant and therefore a criticalaverage bond order _ like - can be introduced for the analysts of phase stability     

EFFECT OF FINE GRINDING ACTIVATION ON LEACHING BEHAVIOUR OF SCHEELITE CONCENTRATE

The influence of mechanical activation on the leaching behaviour of scheelite was studied bymeans of fine grinding in an attritor and subsequently HCl leaching in presence of PO_4~(3-).Results showed that after fine grinding in the attritor,the reaction rate of scheelitewith HCl-Na_3PO_4 solution was remarkably increased,the extraction of W increased fromabout 8 to 99%.The IR spectra and X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that in addition toan enlargement of surface area the fine grinding action had made also changes of fine struc-ture and reactivity of solid surface,hence the leaching process of scheelite can be carried outunder mild leaching conditions.     

PHYSICAL SIMULATION OF INTERFACIAL CONDITIONS IN HOT FORMING OF STEELS

1.~nonNUInericalmodellingbythefiniteelement(FE)methodhasbecomeaneffectiveandeconomyicmeansforsimulatingmetalfoeingprocesses.However,accuratemodellingdemandsthecorrectdefinitionandinputsofthedataforthethermalandphysicalpIDPertiesoftheworkpieceandtoolmaterials,theboUndaryconditionsattheworkpiece--toolinterfaceandinotherareas,inadditiontoappropriatemeshgenerationandnumericalsolutions.Althoughmostofthematerialdataareavailable,thedataforinterfacialheattransferandfrictionconditions,Whichhavesubst…     

EFFECTS OF SPECIFIED BLANK SIZE ON BODY WRINKLING DURING HYDRODYNAMIC DEEP DRAWING OF TAPERED RECTANGULAR BOX

1.~nonHydridapawhcdeepdrawing(HDD)belongstothefieldofsheetmetalfoeingandcanbeaPPliedinthefieldofautomotive,aerospace,drilitaryindustryetc.Ithasbeenrecognizedwidelyintheworld["'j.Fig.Ishowsitsprinciple:TheliqUidthatisfilledinthe~ngdiecavitywillbepressedwhenthepunchgoesdownsothattheeffectoffrictionkeepingandoverflowlubricatingcanbeformed,astherestilt,thefoeinglicitofsheetmetalwillbeimprovedareailvandthegualitVofthefinishedpartswillbeup~ed.BecauseofmanyadvantagesofHDDprocees,ithasbeenwidelys…     

Bi-Pb-Tl三元系相图

用室温、高温X射线衍射及淬火的方法,测定了Bi-Pb-Tl三元系25℃的等温截面及该体系中的相结构。     

EFFECT OF ALLOY ELEMENTS ON QUASIEQUILIBRIUM MICROSTRUCTURE IN Fe-Mn-Ni-Cr STEELS

The microstructures of Fe-Mn-Ni-Cr steels with medium carbon and the effect of alloy ele-ments on them have been investigated by means of X-ray diffraction quantitative phase ana-lyses,metallography and hardness tests.The volume fraction of martensite in steels quenchedat 1100℃ can be expressed as:f_M~(1100)=162.643-15.482Mn-7.36Ni-4.286(Cr+Mo+V)Based on this expression,the quasi-equilibrium microstructure diagram has been obtained.Itis shown that the effect of Mn on the austenite stability is greater than that of Ni.The equiva-lent [Ni]=2.104Mn+Ni and equivalent [Cr]=Cr+Mo+V.The driving force for martensite transformation at M_s point has been calculated to hedrastically decreased by element Mn.     

ELECTRON MICROANALYSIS FOR LASER MELTED ZONE IN 45 STEEL WITH Fe-Ni-Cr COATING

The Fe-Ni-Cr coating laver has been alloyed with 45 steel base metal by transverse.flow typeCO_2 gas laser of maximum output 5kW.The characteristics of the melted zone and the es-sence of the“bright band”has been investigated using the electron microscopy.The resultsshow that the“bright band”belongs to the melted zone and is a vertical section of the planecrystal,The width of the“bright band”equals the height of the plane crystal,which decreaseswith the increase of laser beam scanning rate and the decrease of laser power.This has beenexplained in terms of constitutional supercooling G/R.     

PHASE INTERFACE SEGREGATION OF Mg IN A Ni-BASE SUPERALLOY IN100

The segregation of Mg to phase interfaces in a nickel base superalloy IN 100 has been investi-gated using EPT(Electron Microprobe Technique).AES(Auger Electron Spectroscopy)and EDS analyses on thin TEM film.The results show that Mg segregates to the phase inter-faces of MC/γ and γ′/γ.The segregation concentration and layer thickness of Mg onMC/γ phase interface are larger than that on γ′/γ phase interface.Mg is not only a grainboundary segregation element,but also a phase interface segregation one.     

IN-SITU OBSERVATION OF CRACK TIP DEFORMATION IN A DUPLEX STAINLESS STEEL

The development of dislocation structures in the plastic zone ahead of a crack tip has been in-vestigated in a duplex stainless steel during in-situ deformation experiments in a scanningtransmission electron microscope.It was found that the dislocation distribution wassignificantly different in the ferrite and in the austenite.In the ferrite grains,the dislocationsemitted by the crack tip may cross-slip out of the original slip planes and form a broad plasticzone.However,in the austenite,the dislocation free zone is small and the dislocations emittedby the crack pile up in its slip plane.The selection of slip systems at the crack tip depends onthe crack tip Schmid factors in both phases.But after large deformation,the selection of thesecond slip systems at the craek tip in austenite does not depend on the Schmid factors.     

淬火回火或热油淬火的渗碳齿轮的残余应力及显微组织

作者对两种经普通淬火回火或热油淬火的汽车差速器齿轮进行了渗碳层中残余应力和显微组织的测定。尽管这两种齿轮几何形状不同,其测定结果不便进行比较,但已发现热油淬火后齿轮渗碳层中残余压应力的变化取决于钢的淬透性。热油淬火的SAE4130钢制渗碳传动齿轮比普通淬火回火的齿轮残余压应力更高,但显微组织是相同的。残余压应力高可认为是以下因素所致:1)由于温度梯度小,奥氏体相变开始点更接近于心部;2)省去了回火。热油淬火的SAE 1526钢制环形渗碳齿轮比普通淬火回火的齿轮残余压应力更低。淬火回火后齿轮渗碳层的显微组织主要是马氏体,而热油淬火齿轮渗碳层中的主要组织组成物是贝氏体。热油淬火的环形齿轮中残余压应力较低是由于奥氏体转变为贝氏体时所产生的相变应力较小所致。