再生水灌溉环境生态效应研究进展

再生水灌溉是解决水资源短缺的有效途径之一。本文从再生水灌溉对地下水及地表水的水质、土壤质量和作物生长几个方面综述了近年来国内外对再生水灌溉对环境生态的影响所取得的研究成果,并针对我国再生水灌溉存在的问题,对再生水灌溉今后的发展进行了展望,指出未来研究的重要方向是:研究再生水处理新工艺及再生水灌溉新技术和新制度;制定再生水灌溉标准;再生水灌溉条件下磷、氮、有机物、重金属在土壤植被系统中的迁移转化规律;再生水安全高效灌溉技术、再生水灌溉和施肥耦合增产效应及灌溉后农田适宜的灌溉施肥量;建立再生水灌溉对环境影响和健康风险评价指标与评价方法。     

基于生态足迹分析的义乌市生态承载力评价

传统生态足迹计算方法过于依赖统计年鉴,尤其是两个十分重要的数据:土地利用因子、产量因子均来自普查统计数据,由此产生的误差对生态足迹的计算结果影响较大。随着遥感技术发展的日益成熟,当前基于遥感技术实现土地利用和产量因子的准确监测已成为可能。因此,本研究通过遥感监测获取土地利用和产量因子,然后对义乌市2000年和2007年的生态足迹分别计算,并进行了动态变化分析。结果显示,义乌市生态承载力在急剧下降,并基于以上结果,提出几点关于减缓义乌市生态足迹增长速度、确保城市的可持续发展的建议。     

Separation of Eu（III） with supported dispersion liquid membrane system containing D2EHPA as carrier and HNO3 solution as stripping solution

The Eu(III) separation in supported dispersion liquid membrane (SDLM),with polyvinylidene fluoride membrane (PVDF) as the support and dispersion solution containing HNO3 solution as the stripping solution and Di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) dis-solved in kerosene as the membrane solution,was studied.The effects of pH value,initial concentration of Eu(III) and different ionic strengths in the feed phase,volume ratio of membrane solution and stripping solution,concentration of HNO3 solution,concentration of carrier,different stripping agents in the dispersion phase on the separation of Eu(III) were also investigated,respectively.As a result,the optimum separation conditions of Eu(III) were obtained as the concentration of HNO3 solution was 4.00 mol/L,concentration of D2EHPA was 0.160 mol/L,and volume ratio of membrane solution to stripping solution was 30:30 in the dispersion phase,and pH value was 5.00 in the feed phase.Ionic strength had no obvious effect on the separation of Eu(III).Under the optimum conditions studied,when initial concentration of Eu(III) was 1.00×10–4 mol/L,the separation rate of Eu(III) was up to 94.2% during the separation period of 35 min.The kinetic equation was developed in terms of the law of mass diffusion and the theory of interface chemistry.The results were in good agreement with the literature data.     

Cyrax2500三维激光扫描系统在建筑中的应用

文中主要叙述了三维激光扫描系统的应用范围,简单的描述了扫描系统的工作原理,提出了三维建模和坐标系转换以及坐标纠正的方法,最后结合实例,介绍了基于建筑应用的三维激光扫描系统的组成、应用,以及最终的成果图。     

形体异常建筑物的沉降监测与预测

实施沉降监测,是保证建筑物施工及运营安全的必要手段。文中以某教学实验楼为例介绍了沉降监测控制点与监测标志的布设、监测网的设计、实施沉降监测的过程、精度与周期的确定,并详细介绍了监测数据的处理和分析方法,得出了该建筑物的沉降变化规律。最后,运用指数曲线三点法对选取的四个特征点进行最终沉降量的预测,得出结果符合规范要求。     

Study on transport of Dy（III） by dispersion supported liquid membrane

The transport of Dy(III) through a dispersion supported liquid membrane (DSLM) consisting of polyvinylidene fluoride membrane (PVDF) as the liquid membrane support and dispersion solution including HCl solution as the stripping solution and 2-ethyl hexyl phosphonic acid-mono-2-ethyl hexyl ester (PC-88A) dissolved in kerosene as the membrane solution, was studied. The effects of pH value, initial concentration of Dy(III) and different ionic strength in the feed phase, volume ratio of membrane solution and stripping solution, concentration of HCl solution, concentration of carrier, different stripping agents in the dispersion phase on transport of Dy(III) were also investigated, respectively. As a result, when the concentration of HCl solution was 4.0 mol/L, concentration of PC-88A was 0.10 mol/L, and volume ratio of membrane solution and stripping solution was 40:20 in the dispersion phase, and pH value was 5.0 in the feed phase, the transport effect of Dy(III) was the best. Ionic strength had no obvious effect on transport of Dy(III). Under the optimum condition studied, when initial concentration of Dy(III) was 0.8 × 10^?4 mol/L, the transport rate of Dy(III) was up to 96.2% during the transport time of 95 min. The kinetic equation was developed in terms of the law of mass diffusion and the theory of interface chemistry. The diffusion coefficient of Dy(III) in the membrane and the thickness of diffusion layer between feed phase and membrane phase were obtained and the values were 1.99 × 10^?7 m²/s and 15.97 μm, respectively. The results were in good agreement with experimental results.     

硫酸铈(Ⅳ)对镍沉积层晶粒细化和电结晶行为的影响EI北大核心CSCD

在工业电沉积镍的过程中,镍的晶粒尺寸将会直接影响其在工业生产中的使用情况。因此,细化沉积层晶粒就显得尤为重要。本文选用三电极体系,通过测试工业电解液中不同(0~1.5 g/L)硫酸铈(Ⅳ)浓度下阴极极化曲线、循环伏安曲线和计时电流曲线,探究硫酸铈(Ⅳ)对电沉积镍电结晶行为的影响规律;通过扫描电镜和X射线衍射对哈林槽实验获得的镍沉积层的晶粒尺寸和结构取向进行分析,探究硫酸铈(Ⅳ)对工业电解中镍沉积层晶粒细化及晶体生长取向的影响。结果表明:添加硫酸铈(Ⅳ)后,镍的起始沉积电位发生负移,阴极过电位增大,硫酸铈(Ⅳ)的加入对镍的电结晶起促进作用。未加入硫酸铈(Ⅳ)时,沉积层晶粒粗大不均匀;随着添加剂的加入,使镍沉积层晶粒明显细化;当硫酸铈(Ⅳ)的浓度为0.6 g/L时,峰值电流最大且形核弛豫时间最短,沉积层晶粒尺寸最小,细化效果最优,因此,0.6 g/L硫酸铈(Ⅳ)为硫酸铈(Ⅳ)的最优添加浓度。     

滨海盐土中典型供水管材腐蚀机理的土壤加速腐蚀研究

基于土壤加速腐蚀实验,采用失重法和电化学测试手段研究了滨海盐土中球墨铸铁、灰口铸铁和碳钢3种典型供水管材的腐蚀规律、腐蚀层结构变化以及腐蚀的阴阳极反应动力学过程。结果表明：3种材质在滨海盐土中的腐蚀行为规律一致。腐蚀主要分为点蚀诱导期、点蚀发展期和稳定腐蚀期3各阶段;腐蚀初期和中期主要受电荷传递控制,且随着腐蚀的进行,电荷传递电阻快速上升;腐蚀稳定期,氧的扩散成为了腐蚀的控制步骤。3种材质腐蚀的极化曲线均出现明显的阴极扩散和阳极活化双重控制的现象,其中阴极扩散控制作用更为明显。     

可渗透反应墙原位修复污染地下水研究进展

可渗透反应墙是一种替代抽提技术的创新型地下水原位修复技术。在实际工程中大量不同种类的填料被应用在墙体上,通过吸附、沉淀、氧化还原和生物降解等作用,可处理包括重金属、苯系物、卤代烃、芳香烃、农药以及无机阴离子等污染物。综述了可渗透反应墙的结构、去除污染物机理、优缺点以及活性填料的应用,详细介绍了可渗透反应墙技术的最新研究进展,指出该技术虽已得到广泛认可,但其长期性能尚待实践证明。     

滴灌工程施工方法及运行管理 模式分析(II)

滴灌工程中科学合理的施工和运行管理是保证工程质量和系统正常运行的关键，结合施工和 运行管理经验，在对滴灌工程主要环节的施工方法和运行管理模式进行了分析的基础上，总结了滴灌 工程施工及运行管理中存在的问题，分析这些问题存在的原因，提出相应的处理对策和方法，为该技 术的进一步推广应用提供参考。