关于人工林栽培要点的探讨

人工造林,是我国林业管理中最为重要的一个环节.为了进一步改善生态环境,保护土壤,实现经济绿色发展,大面积地进行人工造林,已经成为我国林业管理的核心任务之一.文章将就人工林的栽培方法进行探讨,从整个人工林的树种选择、林地规划、造林方法等进行阐述.     

砂土流滑运动的模型试验研究

砂土流滑发生时,大面积土体高速流动将导致巨大的人员伤亡和财产损失。流滑砂土运动距离、破坏范围的研究可以为抗震减灾提供依据。文章通过砂土流动的室内模型试验,记录了砂土在不同初始状态下的流态化运动过程。然后,选择砂土模型中的特征质点,标定其在构形图中的位置,计算并分析其应变变化情况。研究表明:砂土的流动过程可分为整体流动阶段和局部流动阶段两个阶段。随着砂土流动时间的增长,总应变逐渐增长,应变率先增加后减少。     

A case study of seismic response of earth embankment foundation on liquefiable soils

A case study of seismic response of an earth embankment foundation on liquefiable soils in Kansai area, western Japan was presented. Based on a calibrated cyclic elasto-plastic constitutive model for liquefiable sand and Biot dynamic coupled theory, the seismic analysis was carried out by using a dynamic effective stress finite element method under plane strain condition. A recent design study was illustrated in detail for a river earth embankment subjected to seismic excitation on the saturated deposits with liquefiable sands. Simulated results of the embankment foundation during liquefaction were obtained for acceleration, displacement, and excess pore water pressures, which were considered to yield useful results for earthquake geotechnical design. The results show that the foundation soil reaches a fully liquefied state with high excess pore pressure ratios approaching to 1.0 due to the earthquake shaking. At the end of the earthquake, the extensive liquefaction causes about 1.0 m lateral spreading at the toe and 60 cm settlement at the crest of the earth embankment.