On stability and power quality impacts of vehicle to grid (V2G)

In the last two decades or so, Electric Vehicles (EV) start to be part of the transportation sector. EV is supplied with storage batteries, that powered from the electrical power grid. Therefore, EV considered to be a load on the electrical power grid. But on the other hand, EV could be working as a source of energy. So, power can be recovered back to the grid in case of unused. In this paper, we studied the effect of connecting the energy from Vehicle to power grid (V2G) technology at substation 33 kV/11 kV located at Amman city. The load profile for each feeder at the substation is been considered. The substation and the out feeders build and tested using DIGSILENT software. We studied and analyzed the harmonic distortion that the charge controller produces it on the grid for eight scenarios at different hours for winter and summer semesters. In addition, the effect of V2G technology on the stability was found for fourteen scenarios at different penetration level for electric vehicles. Finally, the effect of V2G technology on voltage stability was found for three cases. We compared he results with IEEE standard for the allowable harmonic distortion limits, where the highest total harmonic distortion occurs at summer peak and high penetration for electric vehicles which equal 0.37%, and the frequency stability results compared by the NECA (National Electricity Code Agency).     

Investigation into the properties of basalt of the Vasil’evskoe deposit in Yakutia as the raw material for obtaining continuous fibers

The results of investigations into the chemical and mineralogical composition of potentially suitable petrurgical raw materials of the Vasil’evka deposit for producing continuous basalt fibers and composite materials on its basis are presented. Electron probe microanalysis and petrographic analysis are used. The performed investigations proved the possibility of obtaining continuous basalt fibers based on basalt from the Vasil’evka deposit in Yakutia, since its composition and main characteristics correspond to requirements imposed on petrurgical raw materials by the viscosity modulus, the pyroxene composition, the presence of phase transformations, etc.     

The dimensional effects of windowing on crosstalk for high speed hard disk drive interconnects

As the areal density rapidly changes, the signal reflection increases. In order to avoid the reflection between a magnetic recording head and a read/write driver on hard disk drive interconnects (HDDIs), the windowing technique is used to keep low insertion loss and it causes the higher crosstalk between lines. In this work, the crosstalk on idealized HDDI with windowing is investigated. The crosstalk represented by the scattering parameters calculated by using the full wave simulation software based on finite integral technique. From the results, the improvement of insertion loss and transmission bandwidth (?3 dB bandwidth) can be found when the window percentage is increased. For the 90% windowed structure, these are improved as 4.27 dB at 1 GHz and 4.53 GHz comparing with the conventional structure, respectively. Besides, the crosstalk increases with the increasing of window percentage. However, it can be suppressed up to 5.68 dB in a range of 0.24–1 GHz when the window percentage is 90%. Furthermore, the 90% of windowed structure with 8 mm window pitch possess the lowest crosstalk about 30.22 dB in a range of 0.32–6.4 GHz. In addition, the placing position of windows in a reference plane with a half of the rest length at both ends should be avoided because it increases both crosstalk and insertion loss. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J RF and Microwave CAE 24:217–222, 2014.     

激光熔敷镁铝非平衡合金的研究

研究表明激光熔敷快速凝固产生的镁铝非平衡合金在组织组成,各组分相对含量和固溶度等方面均与相应的平衡合金有很大差别;改变激光工艺参数可以控制合金显微组织、提高固溶度极限,获得预期的表面合金层。     

Scattering of Solar and Atmospheric Background Radiation from a Target

Light scattering property of environment is very important in theoretical study and application of the remote sensing. What's more, it is valuable for infrared radiation, imaging, and the detection of target and tracking. In this paper, solar and atmospheric background radiation, and their scattering property from target are discussed. BRDF (Biodirectional Reflectance Distribution Function) is a very important quantity that shows the radiation and reflection feature of target. According to electromagnetic radiant and scattering theories, the relationship between laser radar scattering cross section (LRCS) and BRDF is introduced. LOWTRAN model is an effective method of calculating the spectral distribution of solar and atmospheric radiation. Here it is applied to compute solar and atmospheric background radiation scattered from a target. The relative equations are deduced. Thus, the spatial and spectral distribution of scattering light is given. As a special example, for the Lambert's surface, the equations are simplified. As a result, the spatial and spectral distributions scattering radiation of solar and atmospheric background from a rough painted surface are present. The scattering of solar radiation plays a primary role in MIR region, but scattering of atmospheric background radiation is higher in LIR region. At the same time, there is obviously specular reflectance for solar radiation due to coherent scattering from rough surface.     

First 8*8 semiconductor optical matrix switches using GaAs/AlGaAs electro-optic guided-wave directional couplers

Monolithically integrated 8*8 semiconductor optical matrix switches have been successfully fabricated for the first time. They were constructed on GaAs from 64 GaAs/AlGaAs electro-optic directional couplers using a simplified tree architecture. The devices have a chip size of 26.5*3 mm/sup 2/ and a minimum total loss (excluding coupling loss) of 8.7 dB.<>     

Semi-automatic detection and counting of oil palm trees from high spatial resolution airborne imagery

Plantation inventory and management require a range of fine-scale remote-sensing data. Remote-sensing images with high spatial and spectral resolution are an efficient source of such information. This article presents an approach to the extraction and counting of oil palm trees from high spatial resolution airborne imagery data. Counting oil palm trees is a crucial problem in specific agricultural areas, especially in Malaysia. The proposed scheme comprises six major parts: (1) discrimination of oil palms from non-oil palms using spectral analysis, (2) texture analysis, (3) edge enhancement, (4) segmentation process, (5) morphological analysis and (6) blob analysis. The average accuracy obtained was 95%, which indicates that high spatial resolution airborne imagery data with an appropriate assessment technique have the potential to provide us with vital information for oil palm plantation management. Information on the number of oil palm trees is crucial to the ability of plantation management to assess the value of the plantation and to monitor its production.     

Controlled Synthesis of the Henry Reaction Products: Nitroalcohol Versus Nitrostyrene by a Simple Change of Amino-Groups of Aminofunctionalized Nanoporous Catalysts

A synthetic method for controlling the Henry reaction products from nitrostyrene to nitroalcohol in heterogeneous catalysis by a simple change of the catalytic sites in organoamine-functionalized mesoporous catalysts is reported. The synthesis resulted in either β-nitrostyrene or β-nitroalcohol by simple change of the types of amine functional groups in the amine-functionalized mesoporous catalysts from primary amines into secondary or tertiary.