Combined thermal storage

In this study a combination of the two basic storages, the water storage and the bed storage, is examined. Formulas and limitations of the combined storage process, for a specific geometrical shape, are presented and the exploitation of the thermal losses of the water storage is attempted.     

Recipient reactions to aid.

Presents a comprehensive review of research and theory on reactions to help, organized in terms of 4 conceptual orientations (equity, attribution, reactance, and threat to self-esteem). For each orientation, the basic assumptions and predictions are discussed, supportive and nonsupportive data are reviewed, and an overall appraisal is offered. Threat to self-esteem is proposed as an organizing construct for research on reactions to help, and a model based on this construct is presented. It is argued that a formalized threat-to-self-esteem model is more comprehensive and parsimonious for predicting reactions to help than are equity, attribution, or reactance models. (111 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

A novel approach to authenticity control of whole grain durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) flour and pasta,based on analysis of alkylresorcinol composition

Since durum wheat is ∼20% more expensive than common wheat and considered of superior quality for the manufacture of pasta products, efficient methods for the detection of accidental or intentional admixtures of common wheat to durum wheat products are required. This paper describes a novel approach for the detection and quantification of whole grain common wheat adulteration in whole grain durum flour and dried pasta. We found that differences in the C17:0 to C21:0 alkylresorcinol homologue ratios between the two cereal species may serve as a suitable tool for whole grain durum product authentification. To detect and estimate adulteration, the C17:0/C21:0 ratios of flour and pasta admixtures with added whole grain flour of common wheat were analysed. A linear relationship between C17:0/C21:0 ratios and level of admixture in pasta samples showed that adulteration can be estimated within the range of 5–100% of admixture. Furthermore, di- and triunsaturated as well as oxygenated alk(en)ylresorcinols are reported to occur in Triticum durum Desf. for the first time.     

Signal-to-noise analysis of biomedical photoacoustic measurements in time and frequency domains

Sensitivity analysis of photoacoustic measurements is conducted using estimates of the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) achieved under two different modes of optical excitation. The standard pulsed time-domain photoacoustic imaging is compared to the frequency-domain counterpart with a modulated optical source. The feasibility of high-SNR continuous wave depth-resolved photoacoustics with frequency-swept (chirp) modulation pattern has been demonstrated. Utilization of chirped modulation waveforms achieves dramatic SNR increase of the periodic signals and preserves axial resolution comparable to the time-domain method. Estimates of the signal-to-noise ratio were obtained using typical parameters of piezoelectric transducers and optical properties of tissue.     

Ptychographic characterization of the wavefield in the focus of reflective hard X-ray optics

A technique for quantitatively characterizing the complex-valued focal wavefield of arbitrary optics is described and applied to reconstructing the coherent focused beam produced by a reflective/diffractive hard X-ray mirror. This phase-retrieval method, based on ptychography, represents an important advance in X-ray optics characterization because the information obtained and potential resolution far exceeds that accessible to methods of directly probing the focus. Ptychography will therefore be well-suited for characterizing and aligning future nanofocusing X-ray optics.     

Pulsed magnetic field excitation sensitivity of match-type electric blasting caps

This paper presents a study on energy deposition and electromagnetic compatibility of match-type electroexplosive devices (EEDs), which recently have found more usage in pulsed power environments with high electromagnetic interference (EMI) background. The sensitivity of these devices makes them dangerous to intended and unintended radiation produced by devices commonly used in pulsed power environments. Match-type EEDs have been found to be susceptible to such low levels of energy (7-8 mJ) that safe operation of these EEDs is vital when in use near devices that produce high levels of pulsed EMI. The scope of this paper is to provide an investigation that incorporates results of similar studies to provide detonation characteristics of these EEDs. The three topics included in this study are sensitivity testing, modeling of the thermodynamic heat propagation, and electromagnetic compatibility from pulsed electromagnetic radiation. The thermodynamic joule heating of the primary explosive has been modeled by a solution to the 1D heat equation. A simple pulsed generator, Marx generator with an inductive load, was used for the electromagnetic compatibility assessment of the coupled field between the pulse generator and shorted EED. The results of the electromagnetic compatibility assessment relate the resistive, inductive, and capacitive components of the pulse generator to the area of the shorted EED.     

Forward and Reverse Converters and Moduli Set Selection in Signed-Digit?Residue?Number?Systems

This paper presents an investigation into using a combination of two alternative digital number representations; the residue number system (RNS) and the signed-digit (SD) number representation in digital arithmetic circuits. The combined number system is called RNS/SD for short. Since the performance of RNS/SD arithmetic circuits depends on the choice of the moduli set (a set of pairwise prime numbers), the purpose of this work is to compare RNS/SD number systems based on different sets. Five specific moduli sets of different lengths are selected. Moduli-set-specific forward and reverse RNS/SD converters are introduced for each of these sets. A generic conversion technique for moduli sets consisting of any number of elements is also presented. Finite impulse response (FIR) filters are used as reference designs in order to evaluate the performance of RNS/SD processing. The designs are evaluated with respect to delay and circuit area in a commercial 0.13 μm CMOS process. For the case of FIR filters it is shown that generic moduli sets with five or six moduli results in designs with the best area × delay products.

离子注入后品圆清洗带来的材料和掺杂剂损失的测量

对45nm及以下技术节点的逻辑器件嗣造来说,经过次数不断增加的高剂量离子注入光阻层的清洗步骤后,仍保持超浅结（USJ）的完整性非常重要。在PMOS区采用SiGe带来了材料方面的又—挑战。一种新型短循环法可精确测量各种去胶储洗工艺造成的非晶硅或SiGe的损失量。