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101.
Reaction mechanism of the reduction of nitrogen monoxide by methane in an oxygen excess atmosphere (NO–CH4–O2 reaction) catalyzed by Pd/H-ZSM-5 has been studied at 623–703 K in the absence of water vapor, in comparison with the mechanism for Co-ZSM-5. Kinetic isotope effect for the N2 formation in NO–CH4–O2 vs. NO–CD4–O2 reactions was 1.65 at 673 K and decreased with a decrease in the reaction temperature. In addition, H–D isotopic exchange took place significantly in NO–(CH4+CD4)–O2 reaction. These results are in marked contrast with the case of Co-ZSM-5, for which the C–H dissociation of methane is the only rate-determining step, and show that the C–H dissociation is slow but not the only rate-determining step in the case of Pd/H-ZSM-5.Further, in contrast to Co-ZSM-5, NOx–CH4–O2 reaction was much slower than CH4–O2 reaction for Pd/H-ZSM-5; the presence of NOx retards the reaction of CH4 over the latter catalyst, while it accelerates the reaction over the former. It is suggested that CH4 is activated directly by the Pd atoms in the case of Pd/H-ZSM-5, but by NO2 strongly adsorbed on Co ion for Co-ZSM-5. The reaction order of the NO–CH4–O2 reaction with respect to NO pressure was consistent with this mechanism; 1.05 for Pd/H-ZSM-5 and 0.11 for Co-ZSM-5. 相似文献
A reaction scheme was proposed, in which the relative rates of the three steps ((i)–(iii) below) vary depending on the reaction conditions.
102.
The effect of aluminium on the polymerization of silicic acid was studied at pH 7, 8 and 9 in the aluminium concentration range of 0–26 ppm (Al) by spectrophotometry, gel chromatography and 27Al NMR. Retarding and accelerating effects of aluminium on the growth of polysilicic acid particles and on the reaction between monosilicic acid and polysilicic acid were observed by changing the pH. It is suggested that the accelerating effect on the reaction between polysilicic acid particles is due to the formation of aluminium hydroxide on the surface of polysilicic acid. The rate of decrease in the monosilicic acid concentration in the presence of aluminium was faster than that in the absence of aluminium at pH 9, because monosilicic acid could be adsorbed rapidly on the aluminium hydroxide. From the results it was presumed that the formation of aluminium hydroxide on the solid surface may accelerate the deposition of silicic acid from geothermal water. 相似文献
103.
Harada N. Yoshida A. Yokoyama N. 《Applied Superconductivity, IEEE Transactions on》2002,12(3):1852-1856
The high-speed operation of a one-channel output interface for a single-flux quantum (SFQ) system has been demonstrated. The interface consisted of a Josephson latching driver, a room-temperature semiconductor amplifier, and a decision circuit module. The Josephson latching driver was fabricated by using a 2.5-kA/cm2 standard Nb junction process and used to amplify an SFQ pulse into a 5.5-mV level signal at 10 Gb/s. The interface converted the SFQ pulse signal into a nonreturn-to-zero signal having an amplitude of 1 V at 10 Gb/s 相似文献
104.
With the aid of recent optoelectronic techniques, the authors have developed a measuring instrument named ALPS (Automatic Lightning Discharge Progressing Feature Observation System) to determine the progress of lightning flashes. The progress velocities of stepped leaders for lightning in winter seasons were observed using the ALPS in the coastal area of the Japan Sea. The progress velocity of an individual step of a stepped leader can be expressed by a lognormal distribution and its mean value is 1.6×106 m/s for upward leaders and 4.0×106 m/s for downward leaders. The mean progress velocity of a total leader process is given as 0.8~2.7×105 m/s for upward leaders and 2.9×105 m/s for downward leaders 相似文献
105.
106.
Uniformity of deep levels in semi-insulating InP obtained by multiple-step wafer annealing 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
K. Kuriyama K. Ushiyama T. Tsunoda M. Uchida K. Yokoyama 《Journal of Electronic Materials》1998,27(5):462-465
The uniformity of deep levels in semi-insulating InP wafers, which have been obtained by multiple-step wafer annealing under
phosphorus vapor pressure, was studied using the thermally stimulated current (TSC) and photoluminescence (PL) methods. Only
three traps related to Fe, T0 (ionization energy Ei=0.19 eV), T1 (0.25 eV), and T2 (0.33 eV), probably forming complex defects, were observed in the wafer and they exhibited a relatively uniform distribution.
PL spectra relating to phosphorus vacancies observed in some regions of the wafer are correlated with a small TSC signal having
an ionization energy of 0.43 eV. 相似文献
107.
Tsuyoshi Nishiwaki Atsushi Yokoyama Zen-ichiro Maekawa Hiroyuki Hamada 《Composite Structures》1995,32(1-4):635-640
Localized impact problems for composite structures have recently become important. In this study, some elastic wave velocities in 7-ply GFRP laminate with [02/903/02] ply orientation after low speed impact was investigated by using both experimental methods and finite element methods. For the finite element simulation, the quasi-three-dimensional model was used. Comparing the results, the validity for the application of this model to the dynamic problem was estimated. Moreover the quasi-three-dimensional model is applied to the GFRP plates with interlaminar delamination. The relationship between the elastic wave velocities and delaminated states is discussed. 相似文献
108.
Carpal tunnel syndrome may be caused by repeated or sustained elevated carpal tunnel pressure. This study examined the relationship between carpal tunnel pressure, posture, and fingertip load. In 20 healthy individuals, carpal tunnel pressure was measured with a catheter inserted into the carpal tunnel of the dominant hand and connected to a pressure transducer. With the wrist in a pressure-neutral position, the subjects pressed on a force transducer with the index finger to levels of 0, 5, 10, and 15 N. They then pinched the transducer at the same levels of force. For both fingertip-loading postures, the carpal tunnel pressure increased with increasing fingertip load. Carpal tunnel pressures were significantly greater (p < 0.015) for the pinching task (14.2, 29.9, 41.9, and 49.7 mm Hg [1.89, 3.99, 5.59, and 6.63 kPa] for 0, 5, 10, and 15 N force levels, respectively) than for simple finger pressing (7.8, 14.1, 20.0, and 33.8 mm Hg [1.04, 1.88, 2.67, and 4.51 kPa]). This study indicates that although the external load on the finger remained constant between the two tasks, the internal loading, as measured by carpal tunnel pressure, experienced a near 2-fold increase by using a pinch grip. These findings should be given consideration in designing work tasks and tools because relatively low fingertip forces, especially in a pinch grip, elevate carpal tunnel pressures to levels that, if prolonged, may lead to the development or exacerbation of carpal tunnel syndrome. 相似文献
109.
K. Takahama M. Yokoyama S. Hirao S. Yamanaka M. Hattori 《Journal of Materials Science》1992,27(5):1297-1301
The interlayers of montmorillonite clay were pillared with silica-titania sol particles by ion exchange in aqueous solutions. The water in the pillared clay was substituted with ethanol which was in turn extracted with CO2 under supercritical conditions. This drying procedure avoids the formation of liquid-vapour interfaces which give rise to shrinkage of the swelled pillared structure. Highly porous structures with well developed card-house structures resulted. The pore structure was investigated and compared with that of samples prepared by conventional air-drying procedures. 相似文献
110.
We hypothesize that the interaction between protein kinase C (PKC) and nitric oxide (NO) plays a role in the modulation of cerebral vascular tone, and the disturbance of this interaction following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) results in vasospasm. To prove this hypothesis with direct evidence, PKC activities of smooth muscle cells of canine basilar arteries in the control and in the SAH groups were measured by an enzyme immunoassay method. N omega-nitro-L arginine (L-NA), an inhibitor of NO production, enhanced PKC activity. This enhancement was inhibited neither by 8-bromo-guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (8-bromo-cGMP) nor SIN-1, a NO releasing agent. PKC activity in the SAH was significantly higher than in the control; however, no further enhancement was produced with L-NA. In the SAH, PKC activity was not inhibited either by 8-bromo-cGMP or SIN-1. We conclude that NO maintains an appropriate vascular tone through inactivation of PKC, and that this effect is disturbed following SAH, resulting in PKC-dependent vascular contraction, such as vasospasm. On the other hand, once PKC has been activated, NO precursors do not inhibit PKC. These facts indicate NO inactivates PKC through the inhibition of phosphatidylinositol breakdown. 相似文献