Einfluß von imidhydantoinpolymeren auf den reststrom modifizierter metalloxid-halbleitertransistoren

Copolymers containing hydantoin- and imide-groups were prepared using purified materials and applied to the surface of MOSFET (Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor) in order to amplify the influence of copolymers on semiconductor devices. The influence of the polymers on the residual current of the device was analyzed with respect to impurity content, softening temperature of the polymers, composition ratios etc. It was found that the residual current increases with increasing flowing temperature of the polymer containing only imide groups, and with increasing content of hydantoin groups.     

Power penalty in 1.3-/spl mu/m InP-based strained-layer multiple-quantum-well lasers at elevated temperatures

We present a basic design rule for reducing the light output power penalty in 1.3-/spl mu/m InP-based strained layer (SL) multiple-quantum-well (MQW) lasers at elevated temperatures. The power penalty is shown to have a strong correlation with a critical temperature (T/sub c/): above T/sub c/, the power penalty rapidly increases due to a significant reduction in differential quantum efficiency. It is indicated that T/sub c/ can be estimated for an arbitrary laser structure by using a self-consistent numerical method. We show that, to minimize the power penalty, it is essential to design an SL-MQW laser so that its T/sub c/ is larger than the required maximum operation temperature.     

Eighteen novel human genes regionally mapped on chromosome 11

The list of LDL receptor superfamily relatives is still growing. The two most recently discovered family branches are (1) a set of receptors characterized by expression in brain and a very close relationship to the LDL and VLDL receptors, and (2) highly cross-species (man, mouse, rabbit, chicken) conserved complex mosaic receptors which contain structural domains so far not found in the superfamily. At present, we know very little about the physiological function(s) of these molecules. They can be safely assumed, based on the presence of seven, eight or 11 clustered LDL receptor ligand binding repeats, to recognize mammalian apolipoprotein E but, based on the absence of apolipoprotein E in birds, they may exhibit interactions quite different from and/or in addition to typical lipoprotein receptors in vivo.     

Reduction of gaseous contamination by UV/photoelectron method

We have previously reported that UV/photoelectron method, in which particles are charged by photoelectrons emitted from the UV irradiated metal surface and collected on the electrodes by the electric field, is effective to collect particles in the gas phase. This paper represents that the UV/photoelectron method is effective not only to collect particles but also to reduce the gaseous contamination such as hydrocarbon or organic compounds and water molecules. By using the UV/photoelectron method the carbon atom concentration on the Si surface is reduced to 1/4 compared with that stored in the clean room for the storage period of about 40 h. The oxygen concentration is reduced to 1/7 in the same condition     

Thermal-imaging technologies for detecting damage during high-cycle fatigue

A high-speed and high-sensitivity thermographic-infrared (IR) imaging system has been used for nondestructive evaluation of specimen-temperature evolutions during high-cycle fatigue experiments. The relationship among the temperature, stress-strain state, and fatigue behavior is discussed. Both thermodynamics and heat-transfer theories are applied to model and quantify the observed temperature variations during fatigue. The predicted and measured temperature evolutions and inelastic strains during fatigue were found to be in good agreement. During fatigue experiments, in-situ observations as well as qualitative and quantitative analyses of Lüders-band evolutions, crack propagation, plastic zones, and final fracture have been performed by thermography, which can open up wide applications of thermography in detecting the in-situ heat-related processes, including mechanical damages and phase transformations, of materials and structural components.     

An approximate reasoning approach for optimal dynamic dispatch ofthermal generating units including auxiliary control

Fuzzy set theory is applied to decision-making in the optimal generation dispatch of thermal generating units. Operational requirements such as unit auxiliary start-up and shutdown create discrete zones of generation output. Plant operators are required to switch units dynamically from one output zone to another in order to keep track of the changing load. The problem arises when making the decision to switch zones for dynamic load dispatch, because of complicated operational conditions. The authors apply approximate reasoning in order to coordinate multiple system requirements and to make effective zone-switching decisions. Membership functions are introduced to measure generation-load balance, fuel cost, and time to stay in a zone. Approximate reasoning using these indices yields information concerning compatibility of output zones. Model analysis is used to demonstrate the flexibility and improved man-machine interface of the approach