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991.
V. A. Pozdnyakov 《Technical Physics Letters》2003,29(2):151-153
The problem of brittle crack development in a nanocrystalline material has been theoretically studied. Expressions describing
the conditions of crack stability are obtained. 相似文献
992.
993.
In this study, nanocrystalline Ni powders and thermally sprayed coatings, containing ultrafine AlN particles, were synthesized
and characterized. The results indicated that the presence of AlN particles in the powders drastically decreased the dimension
of agglomerates formed by cryomilling and increased the surface roughness of the agglomerates. The AlN phase was broken down
into ultrafine particles of approximately 30 nm in size. These particles were dispersed in the Ni matrix and enhanced the
development of a nanocrystalline structure in the Ni matrix during cryomilling. Selected-area diffraction patterns, obtained
from transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray mapping with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), confirmed the presence
of AlN particles in the coatings. The presence of AlN particles also led to an increase in the amount of NiO phase that was
distributed in the coating, in the form of ultrafine, round particles. AlN particles increased the microhardness of the Ni
coating by approximately 60 pct. Indentation-fracture results also indicated that the fine, dispersed AlN particles raised
the apparent toughness of the Ni coating. The synthesized Ni coatings containing ultrafine AlN particles were characterized
as equiaxed nanocrystalline grains with an average size of 24 nm, in which twins were observed. The increase in microhardness
resulted from both grain refinement and the presence of ultrafine particles. The latter played the primary role in strengthening. 相似文献
994.
This paper presents experimental and analytical results of four scaled prestressed concrete box-girder bridges with corrugated steel webs. The location of prestressing strands at both ends of the specimens and the thickness of end diaphragms are the two major parameters. Based on the experimental results of all four specimens, their seismic behavior is critically examined, including hysteretic loops, ductility factor, dissipated energy, and failure mode, etc. It was found that both the thickness of end diaphragms and the location of prestressing strands at both ends of the specimens are insignificant when the specimens failed at the mid-span due to concrete crushing, and the proposed analytical model can be used to predict the load-displacement relationship of such bridges. 相似文献
995.
I. I. Vintizenko V. I. Gusel’nikov A. I. Zarevich S. S. Novikov 《Technical Physics Letters》2003,29(4):294-296
Autooscillation regimes in a relativistic magnetron with external mutual coupling of cavities have been studied. It is demonstrated that the interaction of oscillations under mode competition conditions significantly increases the stability of the working oscillation mode and improves the spectral characteristics of radiation. 相似文献
996.
A. K. Shuaibov A. I. Dashchenko I. V. Shevera A. A. General 《Technical Physics Letters》2003,29(12):1009-1010
We report on the optimized characteristics of a small-size bactericidal lamp pumped by transverse RF (f=1.76 MHz) discharge, operating on a system of the molecular emission bands of chlorine in a wavelength range of 195–310 nm.
The spectral characteristics of the plasma emission were measured and the intensity of chlorine emission bands were studied
as functions of the total pressure and partial composition of a helium-chlorine mixture. Oscillograms of the pumping current
and output radiation intensity were measured and the total output radiation power was determined. It is established that the
lamp radiates predominantly in a bactericidal wavelength interval on an electron-vibrational transition at 200 nm in Cl2** molecules. The optimum partial pressures of helium and chlorine are 100–300 and 90–120 Pa, respectively. The maximum output
power of UV emission from the side cylindrical surface of the lamp reached 10 W. The lamp can be used in photochemistry, ecology,
genetics, and medicine. 相似文献
997.
Shijie Zhu Yutaka Kagawa Jian-Wu Cao Mineo Mizuno 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2004,35(9):2853-2859
Time-dependent deformation in an enhanced SiC/SiC composite has been studied under constant load at high temperatures of 1200
°C, 1300 °C, and 1400 °C. Creep damage evolution was evaluated by a Young’s-modulus change of partial unloading and microscopic
observation. The addition of the glassy phase in the matrix is very effective for protecting the composite from oxidation.
The transient creep is dominant in creep life at all the temperatures. An empirical equation is proposed to describe creep
behavior of the composite. It is found that creep activation energy increases with creep time at stresses lower than matrix
cracking stress, but the activation energy remains constant at stresses higher than the matrix cracking stress. The creep
strain rate of the composite is considered to be controlled by creep of fibers based on examining the time, strain, stress,
and temperature dependencies of creep strain rates. 相似文献
998.
The following modes of isotope exchange of azidothymidine (3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine) with tritium were studied: solid- and liquid-phase isotope exchange with gaseous tritium and isotope exchange in solution with tritium water. Catalytic reactions of azidothymidine with gaseous tritium in solution result in virtually complete reduction of the azido group to amino group. This reduction also occurs in the course of solid-phase catalytic hydrogenation; the yield of 3'-amino-3'-deoxythymidine ranges from 20 to 70%. The molar radioactivity of tritium-labeled azidothymidine prepared by solid-phase catalytic isotope exchange with gaseous tritium and by isotope exchange in solution with tritium water does not exceed 0.5 Ci mmol-
1. 相似文献
999.
Resistance microwelding of fine crossed nickel wires is of increasing industrial importance for electrical connections in
downsized electronic and medical devices, but the understanding of the process is very limited. A study has, therefore, been
performed to clarify the basic joining mechanisms, in which the effects of main process parameters (welding current and force
and weld time) were investigated by detailed mechanical testing and metallurgical examinations. A bonding mechanism with main
process stages (wire cold collapse, surface melting, molten-phase squeeze-out and, solid-state bonding) was proposed. A new
technique has also been developed to optimize the process by initiating the welding current well before the electrode force
has reached its full nominal value. 相似文献
1000.
D. V. V. Satyanarayana G. Malakondaiah D. S. Sarma 《Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A》2003,34(11):2579-2590
The effect of prior oxidation at 1473 K on the creep behavior of an Fe-Ni-Cr-Al alloy, hardened by ordered NiAl precipitates,
has been investigated at 873 K over a stress range of 275 to 450 MPa. The alloy in the as-electroslag remelted (ESR) as well
as the ESR-plus-hot-worked conditions was considered. Prior oxidation causes creep strengthening in the Fe-Ni-Cr-Al alloy,
resulting in a decrease in minimum creep rate and increase in time to rupture, in contrast to the observations reported on
nickel-based superalloys. Creep strengthening is, however, accompanied by a significant reduction in creep ductility. Oxidation-induced
creep strengthening in the current alloy can be attributed to the improved adherence of surface oxide caused by the presence
of yttrium. An effective stress that incorporates the contributions of load transfer as well as substructural strengthening
is used to account for the observed oxidation-induced creep strengthening. While creep strengthening is more pronounced in
the ESR cast alloy, the loss in creep ductility is more intense in the ESR wrought alloy. Increasing the oxidation time beyond
1 hour has a minimal effect on creep strengthening of both the alloys, though it lowers significantly the creep ductility
of the wrought alloy. The observed differences in creep behavior of the alloy in the two different conditions could be attributed
to the differences in grain size as well as morphology and related oxidation-induced damage. 相似文献