新型气体发生剂用非叠氮化物可燃剂研究进展

气体发生剂广泛应用于航空、航天领域,在汽车安全气囊、灭火装置、救生系统等也有重要用途。简介烟火气体发生剂的组成、特点,重点介绍了新型气体发生剂用非叠氮化物类可燃剂CL-20,AZODN,BTATZ,PAK,TZX,FOX-7和离子型化合物等的研究及应用现状。认为研制高能量、低感度、大产气量、环保、廉价的可燃剂是气体发生剂的发展趋势。     

无皂乳液制备PMMA动力学及其模型

以甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA)为单体、过硫酸钾(KPS)为引发剂进行无皂乳液聚合反应,考察了单体MMA浓度、引发剂KPS用量及聚合温度对其动力学行为的影响。建立了转化率-时间关系曲线的模型函数———Gamm a积分函数,用它拟合了转化率-时间关系曲线,获得了聚合过程的重要特征参数,如平均成核速率,聚合最大速率和平稳期平均聚合速率及成核结束和聚合进入完成期对应的转化率。同时对聚合速率与以上各聚合参数的关系数据进行了非线性拟合,得到了它们之间的关系式。拟合相关系数非常接近于1,平均拟合误差很小,成核结束时转化率在15%以内,聚合速率随以上参数增大而增大,反应温度在聚合过程中起决定作用。     

纳米晶Pd修饰p-Si电极的制备及其光电析氢性能

在半导体p型Si上化学沉积金属Pd,制备了纳米晶Pd修饰p-Si电极.控制化学沉积的时间,可得到不同沉积量和不同尺度的Pd颗粒,沉积时间为20 min时,Pd颗粒的直径约为80 nm.XRD测试结果表明,Pd颗粒的平均晶粒尺寸为7.37 nm.重点研究了Pd/p-Si电极在光照前后的催化析氢性能.光照下Pd/p-Si电极的析氢过电位较无光照减小约250 mV,比半导体Si减小约450 mV（电流密度为2.5 mA•cm^-2时）.电化学交流阻抗谱（EIS）表明,光照下Pd/p-Si电极的电化学析氢反应电阻由未光照的593.12 Ω•cm2降低至442.20Ω•cm²,光照下的析氢反应速率明显增加.     

Blended resins based on a new propargyl‐functional resin: Synthesis,cure, and thermal properties

A new propargyl‐functional resin, propargyl ether bisphenol A novolac (PBPN), was synthesized, and the structure of PBPN were characterized using ¹H NMR and FTIR spectra. The PBPN was blended with 4,4′‐bismaleimide diphenyl methane (BDM) at different molar ratio to obtain the blends. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to characterize the cure behavior of PBPN and the blends. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) were performed, respectively, to evaluate thermal stability and dynamic mechanical properties of the cured resins. The results indicate that the PBPN presented better cure and thermal properties than do traditional propargyl resins; furthermore, the cure behavior and thermal properties of PBPN could be improved remarkably by blending with BDM. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 4207–4212, 2006     

Crosslinking of corn starch with sodium trimetaphosphate in solid state by microwave irradiation

Corn starch was crosslinked with sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP) in solid state under microwave irradiation to improve the degree of substitution (DS) and decrease the reaction time. The effects of modification factors on the crosslinking of starch were systematically studied. It was found that the microwave irradiation provided a convenient and efficient method to prepare crosslinked starch with sufficient DS. The DS value of crosslinked starches obtained by microwave irradiation was significantly improved and the reaction time was also dramatically decreased to achieve an appropriate DS value by microwave irradiation, when compared with using traditional method. The high microwave power provided faster reaction kinetics to obtain the desired DS value at an identical reaction condition. If the reaction temperature is lower than the decomposition temperature of crosslinked starch, the higher DS value can be achieved at the higher microwave power. It was detected that the DS data obtained by reacting intermittently was higher than those by reacting continuously. It was also noticed that DS data varied drastically with the increasing of the amount of STMP and sodium carbonate. The swelling ratio of crosslinked starch in water was lower than that of native starch because of the nongelatinization of highly crosslinked starch. SEM analysis indicated that the crosslinking of corn starch by microwave irradiation caused no significant changes in the microstructure of starch granules. Light microscope analysis also showed the uniformity of so‐prepared crosslinked corn starch applying microwave irradiation. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 5854–5860, 2006     

液滴-蒸汽直接接触换热的研究

针对液滴-蒸汽直接接触换热过程提出了计算换热速率的模型,并对模型进行了实验验证。实验使用水滴-水蒸气的体系和实心圆锥形喷头,在4个不同的喷头压力下进行。将实验测得的结果与理论模型计算的结果进行对比,吻合良好,研究了换热过程的总换热系数随喷头的压力的变化规律。     

结合注册环保工程师考试——开展卓越工程师培养探索与研究

结合注册环保工程师考试,开展卓越工程师培养探索与研究;对我校环境工程专业培养过程中存在的问题,对培养目标、培养模式、培养途径等进行了阐述,将4个实践环节有机的组合起来,构建一个环境工程专业新的实践教学体系;提高本校环境工程专业学生的实践能力、创新能力和综合素质。     

吸收剂量对多面体低聚倍半硅氧烷/聚(氨酯-酰亚胺)辐射共交联纳米复合泡沫材料的影响

以甲基丙烯酸β-羟乙酯和乙烯基多面体低聚倍半硅氧烷(POSS)为原料,采用一步法制得POSS/聚(氨酯-酰亚胺)纳米复合泡沫材料,研究了γ射线吸收剂量对纳米复合泡沫材料性能的影响。结果表明,在吸收剂量为50 kGy的条件下辐照,材料表现出最好的热稳定性;纳米复合泡沫材料玻璃态区的储能模量最高,损耗模量也遵循同样规律,但在75 kGy条件下损耗峰值最高。另外,吸声性能、阻燃性能和压缩强度都随着吸收剂量的增大而提高。     

添加剂对聚醚砜酮超滤膜结构和性能的影响

在杂萘联苯聚醚砜酮(PPESK)铸膜液中,分别添加磺化聚醚砜酮(SPPESK)、聚乙二醇(PEG)、有机小分子和无机盐添加剂,采用相转化法制备了聚醚砜酮超滤膜,并通过扫描电镜和超滤性能测试考察了不同添加剂对超滤膜结构和性能的影响。结果表明,SPPESK的加入提高了膜的亲水性和孔隙率,使膜的渗透性显著提高。有机高分子添加剂PEG的加入,使膜亚层指状孔结构向海绵状孔结构转变。改善了孔道的连通性,提高了膜的亲水性和孔隙率,使膜的纯水通量增加而截留率略有下降。含有羟基的醇类和酸类小分子添加剂有助于纯水通量的提高。无机盐添加剂起到成孔和增溶聚合物的作用。在保持截留率相对较高的条件下,LiCl和ZnCl2可以提高膜的纯水通量。FeCl2在成膜过程中发生水解氧化,部分铁均匀分布在膜三维空间中,与聚合物相互作用,改善膜的结构和性能。     

乙烯装置裂解气压缩机开车过程动态模拟

裂解气压缩机作为乙烯装置的核心设备,其顺利启动对乙烯装置开车过程有着重要影响.传统的乙烯装置开车流程大多使用裂解气启动压缩机,近年来已经逐步被氮气、天然气和混合烃等开车工质取代.由于无法利用实际压缩机装置进行测试,因此化工模拟技术成为了解决上述问题的重要工具.本文根据"稳态-动态-开车"的研究方法,建立了某裂解气压缩机的稳态模拟模型,确定了氮气、混合烃和裂解气运行时的稳态运行参数.之后,将稳态模型转换为动态模型,通过动态模拟验证了各工况之间转换过程的安全性和可行性.