A reinterpretation of research on aggression.

The concept of aggression is examined and found to be an inadequate way to describe or classify human behaviors. An alternative way of classifying harm-doing behaviors is presented in terms of coercive power. A reinterpretation of the distinctions made by various theories of aggression is offered and applied to research findings. The social-psychological perspective offered suggests specific research questions and generates a series of new hypotheses for investigation. The conditions that lead observers to label actors as aggressive are proposed, and the implications of this label on the subsequent behaviors of observers and actors are explored. (98 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Use of the behavior problem checklist with psychotic adolescents.

Compared teacher ratings on the Behavior Problem Checklist of 56 adolescents who (a) were clinically diagnosed as schizophrenic (psychotic) and (b) had an adjustment reaction of adolescence (nonpsychotic). The schizophrenics tended to be rated as more deviant on both the flag items and Inadequacy–Immaturity dimensions of the checklist, whereas the adjustment reaction group was rated higher on the Conduct Problem and Socialized Delinquency dimensions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Novel taste facilitation of the association of visual cues with toxicosis in rats.

Conducted 3 experiments with 118 male Long-Evans rats to examine the conditions under which rats rapidly learn to avoid ingesting visually distinctive food objects associated with toxicosis. It was found that the presence of a novel taste associated with a visually distinctive food object facilitated acquisition of visual-cue/toxicosis associations. Further experiments failed to support either higher order conditioning or sensory preconditioning models of this phenomenon. Results are discussed in terms of species differences in the conditions under which attention is directed to visual cues associated with ingesta. The implications of these findings for the existence of visual aposematisms (warning colors) in naturally occurring toxic species are also examined. (20 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Reviews

LAND INTO LANDSCAPE by John M. Hunter, George Godwin/Longmans, 1985, 182 pp, £25.00

EATON ESTATE: LANDSCAPE CONSERVATION PLAN: Abridged Version of the Landscape Consultants' Report by Ian Laurie et al, Department of Town and Country Planning: University of Manchester, 1983.

DISCOVERING THE VERNACULAR LANDSCAPE by John B. Jackson, 165 pages, Yale University Press, 1984, $16.50.

THE ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS OF OUTDOOR RECREATION ON MOUNTAIN AREAS IN EUROPE AND NORTH AMERICA edited by N. G. Bayfield and G. C. Barrow. Published by Recreation Ecology Research Group 1985, Report No. 9.     

Design-build projects in architectural education

Design-build projects at the Welsh School of Architecture are described. Based in the ‘real world’ a design-build project differs significantly from the traditional studio-based design exercise. In particular it has the added ingredient of the tactile experience, which as defined here is more than just the direct physical contact with materials, but encompasses and emphasises the closeness of the students to the processes of decision making, designing, and building. The paper outlines what is learnt when the building site becomes the laboratory for learning, and identifies the difficulties encountered when students construct buildings and participate in projects with user/client groups within the community.     

Technicians or physicians

PURPOSE: To present an unusual case of a preretinal mass that simulated a retained metallic foreign body. METHOD: Case report. RESULTS: A 30-year-old man presented with unilateral iridocyclitis and an ipsilateral preretinal mass with ultrasonographic and computed tomographic characteristics of a metallic foreign body. Histologic examination of the mass disclosed a central concentration of iron-containing hemoglobin breakdown products surrounded by a cocoon of fibrous tissue. CONCLUSION: Blood breakdown products surrounded by a fibrous capsule can present with the characteristics of an intraocular metallic foreign body.