Proteaseinhibitors in potatoes Protein-, Trypsin- und Chymotrypsininhibitorenmuster durch isoelektrisches Fokussieren in Polyacrylamidgel. Eine Schnellmethode zur Identifizierung von Kartoffelsorten

Summary By applying iscelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gel, 42 proteins and 21 inhibitors were detected in 12 potato varieties. The protein- and inhibitor-patterns are very characteristic, and can be used for rapid variety identification. The protein distribution is not the same in the whole tuber. Germination tests showed a smaller inhibitor content in sprouts than in tubers. The alkaline and neutral inhibitors decreased, whereas more acidic inhibitors appeared.

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Proteaseinhibitoren in Kartoffeln Protein-, trypsin- and chymotrypsininhibitor patterns by isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamidegel. A rapid method for identification of potato varieties

Zusammenlassung Durch isoelektrisches Fokussieren in Polyacrylamidgel wurden in 12 Kartoffelsorten 42 Proteine und 21 Inhibitoren nachgewiesen. Die Protein- und Inhibitormuster sind sehr charakteristisch und können zur schnellen Sortendiagnose heraugezogen werden.Die Proteinverteilung ist nicht über die gesamte Knolle gleich. Keimversuche ergaben eine Verminderung des Inhibitorgehalts in Keimen gegenüber der Knolle. Während die basischen und neutralen Inhibitoren abnehmen, treten zusätzlich saure Inhibitoren auf.

     

A modified technic for local rt-PA catheter-mediated lysis

PURPOSE: To develop an economic and efficient concept for more time-saving local rt-PA thrombolysis therapy. METHOD: 40 patients with peripheral vascular occlusive disease stage IIb-III according to the Fontaine classification and with angiographically proven occluded segments of pelvic and lower limb arteries were treated by a modified concept of local rt-PA catheter thrombolysis. Via a thin guide wire the catheter for thrombolysis is slowly advanced through the thrombus without fluoroscopic control, outside the room in which angiography is performed. In 24 cases a short-term lysis and in 16 cases a long-term lysis was carried out. RESULTS: The initial success rate was 75%, the patency rate in six months' follow-up was 66.7%. The ankle-brachial index decreased from 0.4 +/- 0.3 to 0.8 +/- 0.2 on the average. There were no relevant clinical complications. The average occupancy time of the angiography room or table was 60 +/- 52 min, the average time of fluoroscopy was 17 +/- 13 min. CONCLUSION: In modified local rt-PA thrombolysis, short-term lysis and long-term lysis were mostly performed outside the angiography room, so that the exposure to radiation and there fore the radiation dose were reduced for both the patient and the attending staff. The angiography room is thus available for other patients and can therefore be used more efficiently.     

Beyond discipline: creating a culture for interdisciplinary research

Interdisciplinary research is not a common research paradigm. To venture from their customary disciplinary tenets and methods and risk new methodological approaches, or to compromise in order to accommodate the differences in the way disciplines approach research, requires the commitment of investigators. This paper discusses the interdisciplinary research paradigm, its culture, and how it differs from traditional research methods, and provides examples of successful and unsuccessful interdisciplinary research projects.     

Understanding,Optimising, and Extending Data Compression with Anisotropic Diffusion

Gali? et al. (Journal of Mathematical Imaging and Vision 31:255–269, 2008) have shown that compression based on edge-enhancing anisotropic diffusion (EED) can outperform the quality of JPEG for medium to high compression ratios when the interpolation points are chosen as vertices of an adaptive triangulation. However, the reasons for the good performance of EED remained unclear, and they could not outperform the more advanced JPEG 2000. The goals of the present paper are threefold: Firstly, we investigate the compression qualities of various partial differential equations. This sheds light on the favourable properties of EED in the context of image compression. Secondly, we demonstrate that it is even possible to beat the quality of JPEG 2000 with EED if one uses specific subdivisions on rectangles and several important optimisations. These amendments include improved entropy coding, brightness and diffusivity optimisation, and interpolation swapping. Thirdly, we demonstrate how to extend our approach to 3-D and shape data. Experiments on classical test images and 3-D medical data illustrate the high potential of our approach.     

Optic Flow in Harmony

Most variational optic flow approaches just consist of three constituents: a data term, a smoothness term and a smoothness weight. In this paper, we present an approach that harmonises these three components. We start by developing an advanced data term that is robust under outliers and varying illumination conditions. This is achieved by using constraint normalisation, and an HSV colour representation with higher order constancy assumptions and a separate robust penalisation. Our novel anisotropic smoothness is designed to work complementary to the data term. To this end, it incorporates directional information from the data constraints to enable a filling-in of information solely in the direction where the data term gives no information, yielding an optimal complementary smoothing behaviour. This strategy is applied in the spatial as well as in the spatio-temporal domain. Finally, we propose a simple method for automatically determining the optimal smoothness weight. This method bases on a novel concept that we call “optimal prediction principle” (OPP). It states that the flow field obtained with the optimal smoothness weight allows for the best prediction of the next frames in the image sequence. The benefits of our “optic flow in harmony” (OFH) approach are demonstrated by an extensive experimental validation and by a competitive performance at the widely used Middlebury optic flow benchmark.     

Temperature dependence of seismic properties in geothermal rocks at reservoir conditions

Petrophysical experiments on two Icelandic geothermal rock samples at simulated in situ reservoir conditions are analysed to delineate the effect of temperature on seismic velocity and attenuation. A goal of the present work is to predict the effect of the saturating pore fluid on seismic velocity using the Gassman equation, which has been modified for this purpose. To include the temperature effect in the equation, two assumptions are made: (1) the grain/mineral and dry bulk moduli are independent of temperature; and (2) the temperature dependence follows solely from the thermophysical characteristics of the saturating fluid through the fluid bulk modulus and fluid density. Laboratory measurements show that P-wave velocities decrease with increasing temperature. This change is related to the thermophysical characteristics of the saturating fluid; at higher temperatures bubbles and thermal microfractures are formed affecting seismic velocities. The measurements also show that at low temperatures seismic attenuation decreases with temperature due to the rapid decrease in the fluid viscosity. On the other hand, at higher temperatures the attenuation increases because of the generation of bubbles and thermal microfractures. Although having data from only two samples and that no measurements on dry samples were done, thus limiting the generality of the claims that can be made, the study presents a plausible approach to relate changes in seismic properties to geothermal system temperatures.     

Highly Accurate Optic Flow Computation with Theoretically Justified Warping

In this paper, we suggest a variational model for optic flow computation based on non-linearised and higher order constancy assumptions. Besides the common grey value constancy assumption, also gradient constancy, as well as the constancy of the Hessian and the Laplacian are proposed. Since the model strictly refrains from a linearisation of these assumptions, it is also capable to deal with large displacements. For the minimisation of the rather complex energy functional, we present an efficient numerical scheme employing two nested fixed point iterations. Following a coarse-to-fine strategy it turns out that there is a theoretical foundation of so-called warping techniques hitherto justified only on an experimental basis. Since our algorithm consists of the integration of various concepts, ranging from different constancy assumptions to numerical implementation issues, a detailed account of the effect of each of these concepts is included in the experimental section. The superior performance of the proposed method shows up by significantly smaller estimation errors when compared to previous techniques. Further experiments also confirm excellent robustness under noise and insensitivity to parameter variations.     

Domain decomposition for variational optical-flow computation.

We present an approach to parallel variational optical-flow computation by using an arbitrary partition of the image plane and iteratively solving related local variational problems associated with each subdomain. The approach is particularly suited for implementations on PC clusters because interprocess communication is minimized by restricting the exchange of data to a lower dimensional interface. Our mathematical formulation supports various generalizations to linear/nonlinear convex variational approaches, three-dimensional image sequences, spatiotemporal regularization, and unstructured geometries and triangulations. Results concerning the effects of interface preconditioning, as well as runtime and communication volume measurements on a PC cluster, are presented. Our approach provides a major step toward real-time two-dimensional image processing using off-the-shelf PC hardware and facilitates the efficient application of variational approaches to large-scale image processing problems.     

Synthesis and Structural Characterization of 5-Bromo-2,3-dimethylphenol

Bromination of the disubstituted 4,5-dimethyl-1,3-cyclohexanedione ( 6 ) followed by oxidation of the resulting 3-bromo-5,6-dimethyl-2-cyclohexen-1-ones ( 7 ) gave 5-bromo-2,3-dimethylphenol ( 1 ) together with its constitutional isomer 3 . The structure of 1 was secured by a x-ray analysis of its tosyl derivative 8 .