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91.
Pd catalysts supported on TiO2, ZrO2, ZSM-5, MCM-41 and activated carbon were used in catalytic wet oxidation of hydrocarbons such as phenol, m-cresol and m-xylene.
It was found that the Pd/TiO2 catalyst was highly effective in the wet oxidation of hydrocarbon. The activities of catalysts with various hydrocarbon species,
catalyst support, oxidation state of catalyst performed in a 3-phase slurry reactor show that reaction on Pd surface is more
favorable than that in aqueous phase and that the active site is oxidized Pd in catalytic wet air oxidation of hydrocarbons.
Based on the experimental results, a plausible reaction mechanism of wet oxidation of hydrocarbons catalyzed over Pd/TiO2 catalyst was proposed. This catalyst is superior to other oxide catalysts because it suppressed the formation of hardly-degradable
organic intermediates and polymer. 相似文献
92.
Ternary blends of PP (80) /rubber (EPM, EPDM) (10) / PE (10) and PP (80) / rubber (10) / CaCO3 (10) composites were prepared in a twin-screw extruder. With polyethylene (PE) viscosity comparable to, or higher than that of rubber, the dispersed phase formed a reticulate structure with reduced size. On the contrary, when the viscosity of PE was significantly lower than that of rubber, the dispersed phase formed almost homogeneous morphology. With reticulate morphology, PE crystallinity content, hardness, modulus, and elongation at break of the ternary blend increased. In polypropylene (PP) / rubber / CaCO3 composites, better dispersion of CaCO3 in the PP matrix was obtained when the viscosity of rubber was significantly higher than that of matrix. With better dispersion, hardness and tensile properties were improved, but the impact strength more or less decreased. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献
93.
Eddy characteristics on mass transfer close to free interface 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The velocity fluctuations in the immediate vicinity of a free interface were measured with a hot film anemometer. And mass
transfer rates and eddy exposure times were analyzed by using the method of deterministic approach. These mass transfer rates
were compared with the mass transfer rates by means of concentration measurements in the air-water system.
The eddy exposure time distributions obtained from velocity data were skewed toward the lower time value. The contribution
of eddies wi:h small exposure time was increased as the liquid became more turbulent. The mass transfer rates were mainly
contributed by the Prandtl size eddies and even larger eddies. The mass transfer predictions by the single eddy model employing
a deterministic method were in good agreement with the experimental results by independent measurements of concentration. 相似文献
94.
Won-Ho Lee Hyoun-Ee Kim Seong-Jai Cho 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》1997,80(10):2737-2740
Microstructural evolution of gas-pressure-sintered Si3 N4 with Yb2 O3 as a sintering aid was observed. Microstructures typical for in situ toughened Si3 N4 , i.e., large elongated grains randomly distributed in a fine matrix, were observed. However, the size of the elongated grains near the surface was much larger than that at the center, resulting in two distinct regions: an inner region and an outer region. The smaller the amount of Yb2 O3 added, the larger the difference in the size of the elongated grains between the outer and inner regions. The difference between microstructures was diminished when 16 wt% Yb2 O3 was added. The microstructural change with Yb2 O3 content was attributed to the evaporation of Yb-containing liquid phase from the surface. 相似文献
95.
Hyeon Gyu Kim Yoo Hyun Park Yang Hyun Cho Myoung Ho Kim 《Journal of Intelligent Information Systems》2014,43(2):323-347
The join is an important operator in processing data streams. To produce outputs continuously over unbounded data streams, sliding windows are generally used to limit the scope of the join at a certain time. In the existing join algorithms, only a simple type of windows have been considered, which are updated whenever a new data item arrives on any input stream. On the other hand, a more common type of windows have not been addressed yet, whose intervals are updated periodically, i.e., slid by a predefined time interval. In this paper, we consider the time-slide windows in joining multiple data streams. The algorithm for the time-slide window join can vary according to (i) how frequently the join is evaluated and (ii) which structure is used for windowing. Regarding this, possible algorithms are discussed, and experimental results that compare their performances are provided in this paper. 相似文献
96.
The effect of adsorbed polymer on the stability of alumina suspension was investigated. Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), poly(acrylic
acid) (PAA) and similar kinds of polymer salts were used as a dispersant. The amount of polymer adsorbed on alumina surface
and the suspension stability was measured. The pH, molecular weight, and concentration were considered as experimental parameters.
PEO shows low affinity on the alumina surface while PAA has high affinity. In the case of PAA adsorption, the surface charge
change by polymer adsorption influences suspension stability strongly, but not in the case of PEO adsorption. In simultaneous
adsorption of PEO and PAA, the PAA concentration was fixed and PEO concentration was varied. The stability of suspension increased
with increasing PEO concentration, and this is partly due to the steric stabilization by adsorption of PAA-PEO complex or
adsorption of PEO through pre-adsorbed PAA and the depletion effect of non-adsorbed polymer. Suspension adsorbing sodium salts
of PAA and poly(methacrylic acid) (PMA) each showed similar stability. But, when the PEO and these kinds of salts were added
together to the suspension, the one with PAA sodium salt could keep a higher stability even with lower molecular weights of
PEO compared with suspension with PMA sodium salt. 相似文献
97.
Fault identification for process monitoring using kernel principal component analysis 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
In this research, we develop a new fault identification method for kernel principal component analysis (kernel PCA). Although it has been proved that kernel PCA is superior to linear PCA for fault detection, the fault identification method theoretically derived from the kernel PCA has not been found anywhere. Using the gradient of kernel function, we define two new statistics which represent the contribution of each variable to the monitoring statistics, Hotelling's T2and squared prediction error (SPE) of kernel PCA, respectively. The proposed statistics which have similar concept to contributions in linear PCA are directly derived from the mathematical formulation of kernel PCA and thus they are straightforward to understand. The main contribution of this work is that we firstly suggest a fault identification method especially applicable to process monitoring using kernel PCA. To demonstrate the performance, the proposed method is applied to two simulated processes, one is a simple nonlinear process and the other is a non-isothermal CSTR process. The simulation results show that the proposed method effectively identifies the source of various types of faults. 相似文献
98.
Free radical solution polymerization of styrene has been studied using a binary mixture of symmetrical bifunctional initiators in a filled tubular reactor packed with static mixers. Owing to intensive radial mixing induced by the static mixers, a near plug flow pattern was obtained in the reactor with some axial dispersion effect. The axial mass dispersion coefficient was determined from the residence time distribution experiment and a dynamic axial dispersion model has been developed and solved to investigate steady state and transient behavior of the filled tubular reactor. With a solvent volume fraction of 0.3, the monomer conversion up to 70% was obtained without fouling problems in the temperature range 90 to 120°C. The experimental filled tubular reactor was operated under various reaction conditions and a reasonably good agreement between the model and the experimental data was obtained without using any adjustable parameters. 相似文献
99.
The onset of thermal convection in a translucent porous layer is considered. Attention is focused on the effect of radiative heat transfer on the critical Rayleigh-Darcy number and the convection cell shape. If we consider the contribution of radiative heat transfer, the basic temperature profile is non-linear and the thermal convective instability is influenced by the ratio of conduction to radiation heat flux, the temperatures at the boundary surfaces, and radiative parameters such as wall emissivity, scattering albedo and extinction coefficient as well as the usual Rayleigh-Darcy number. Effects of these parameters on the onset of convective instability are investigated with the help of linear stability theory employing the Darcy's law and the radiative transport equation simplified by the P1 approximation. The increased effective thermal conductivity due lo the radiation inhibits the onset of convection and causes increased critical Rayleigh-Darcy number and decreased convection cell size. The results of the present work may be exploited to find out the optimal diameter of aerogel pellets and the air pressure in the double pane window filled with the translucent silica aerogel granules to suppress natural convection. 相似文献
100.
The farnesoid X receptor (FXR, NR1H4) has been recognized as an attractive therapeutic target because it is a nuclear hormone
receptor that controls the expression level of cholesterol-7α-hydroxylase, which in turn regulates bile acid production and
cholesterol excretion. To compare receptor activity between each domain and the full-length protein, human FXR cDNA was cloned
from a human liver cDNA library. Three human FXR cDNA, designated FXR20, FXR33, and FXR53 cDNA, were subcloned and ligated into a pET28a expression vector. Each protein was expressed in Escherichia coli (BL21) and purified by nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid column chromatography. Approximately 5 mg of FXR33 (1–182 amino acids deleted from FXR, 37 kDa) and 2 mg of FXR53 (the full-length protein of FXR, 59 kDa) was purified from 1 L of Luria-Bertani culture, achieving at least 90% purity. The
coactivator recruitment assay for FXR activation was carried out with the three variants of the FXR protein by using dissociation-enhanced
lanthanide fluoroimmunoassay-europium-N1-labeled anti-His antibody. From an optimized assay, a saturated hyperbolic fluorescence signal curve was produced when 250
nM of FXR33 and 100 nM of steroid receptor coactivator-1 peptide, a coactivator of FXR consisting of 26 amino acids, were used with a
concentration dependence on chenodeoxycholic acid (from 0 to 200 μM). The ligand-binding domain of FXR (FXR33) was the most suitable protein for studying the activation of FXR with a fluorescence-based assay, because it showed better
structural stability than either the full length of FXR (FXR53) or the DNA-binding domain of FXR (FXR20). 相似文献