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41.
健康住宅正在走近我们 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
人类居住健康的问题越来越受到全世界居住者和舆论的关注.长期以来人类过于不当的城市建设行为,人口的过于集中,城市建筑的高层化倾向,过分的人造环境造成土地失水性严重、热岛现象衍生.城市作为人类居住生活的功能区,在很大程度上被削弱,居住条件恶化、环境受到污染.让城市功能朝着人居、健康的目标发展,包括生理和心理的、社会的和人文的、近期的和长期的多层次的健康,是我们今天的历史责任. 相似文献
42.
LU Xili WU Ye CAI Wei TANG Wenjun 《武汉理工大学学报(材料科学英文版)》2005,20(B12):287-289
A series of random and block poly( L-lactide-co-e-caprolactone ) ( PCLA ) copolymers whh different composition are prepared using stannous octaoate as catalyst.The effects of the amount of initiator on the intrinsic viscosity have been investigated. The structure of the PCLA copolymers is characterized by means of nuclear magnetic resonance( NMR ), Fourier transform infrared spectrum ( FTIR ), differential scanning calorimetry ( DSC ) and X- ray diffraction ( XRD ) methods. It is shown that the synthesis condition and the composition of copolymers obrious influence on the structure of PCLA copolymers. Hydrolytic degradation of the copolymers in a PBS solution of pH 7.4 at 37.0℃ shows that the copolymers of different composhions degrade at different rates. 相似文献
43.
A feasibility analysis methodology adopted from reactive distillation is applied to membrane reactors. A model is formulated to depict the reactive liquid phase composition on the retentate side of a continuous type membrane reactor. The effects of both the chemical reaction kinetics and the membrane mass transfer kinetics on the feasible products are elucidated by means of retentate phase diagrams and bifurcation analysis. The proposed method can be applied to various membrane processes, independent of the specific structure of the membrane. Two quaternary reaction systems are considered to illustrate the methodology. In the first hypothetical system, it is shown how selective membranes can influence the sequence of effective volatilities which in turn affects the feasible products of the system. In the second example of practical importance, i.e. the heterogeneously catalysed synthesis of propyl acetate coupled with permeation through a porous polycarbonate membrane, the dusty gas model is applied to describe the component fluxes through the membrane. For the latter reaction system, the existence of reactive arheotrope is demonstrated. Arheotropes represent mass transfer controlled feasible products of membrane separation process. 相似文献
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45.
憎水性栀子蓝色素制备的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以浓盐酸为催化剂,采用乙酸酐酯化处理水溶性栀子蓝色素,制备了憎水性栀子蓝色素.探讨了栀子蓝色素与乙酸酐料液比、反应时间和反应温度等因素对憎水性栀子蓝色素色价的影响.结果表明:采用料液比1:20,在常温下反应4 h,为制备憎水性栀子蓝色素的最优条件.同时,通过红外光谱、可见吸收光谱及溶解性对栀子蓝色素的酯化改性进行了初步的探讨. 相似文献
46.
镁钴铝类水滑石催化合成安息香甲醚 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用共沉淀法制备了镁钴铝类水滑石化合物(MgCoAl-HTLcs),并用 X 射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、NH_3程序升温脱附等方法对 MgCoAl-HTLcs 进行了表征,并以 MgCoAl-HTLcs 为催化剂催化苯甲醛与甲醇反应合成安息香甲醚,研究了n(Mg):n(Co):n(Al)、催化剂用量、原料配比、反应温度、反应时间对合成反应的影响。表征结果显示,MgCoAl-HTLcs 的晶相完整,表面主要为弱酸、弱碱性。催化合成安息香甲醚的适宜条件为:MgCoAl-HTLcs 催化剂用量0.10 g(约为原料总质量的0.23%),n(Mg):n(Co):n(Al)=0.4:1.6:1.0,V(苯甲醛):V(甲醇)=3:50,反应温度50℃,反应时间150 min。在此条件下,苯甲醛的平衡转化率达77.49%,安息香甲醚选择性接近100%。为洁净合成安息香甲醚开辟了一条新的途径。 相似文献
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48.
In this paper, we present a static load balancing method for mapping production rules in an expert system onto processors of a message-passing multicomputer. The method uses simulated annealing to achieve a nearly optimal allocation of production rules onto processor nodes. The approach balances the initial rule distribution to avoid higher communication demand among processor nodes at run time. A formal mapping model is developed and a new cost function is defined for the annealing process. New heuristic swap functions and cooling policies are provided to ensure the quality of the annealing process. A software load balancing package, SIMAL, was implemented on a SUN workstation to carry out the benchmark experiments. The overhead associated with this mapping method is O(m In m), where m is the number of rules in the production system. Two benchmark production systems, Toru-waltz and Tourney, are mapped onto a hypercube computer with 32 nodes. Experimental benchmark results verify the effectiveness of the rule mapping method. The method can be applied for distributed artificial intelligence processing or for the parallel execution of cooperating expert systems on a message-passing multicomputer. 相似文献
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50.
Central to cost-based competition is the capability to accurately predict the cost of delivering a project. Most literature on cost estimation focuses on specific estimation methods as generic techniques and little attention has been paid to the unique requirements at each project stage. This note attempts to identify the critical factors for effective estimation at various stages of typical construction projects. Drawing from organization control theory and cost estimating literature, this note develops a theoretical framework that identifies the critical factors for effective cost estimation during each project phase of a conventional construction project. The underlying logic is that as a cost estimating effort progresses, both task programmability and output measurability improve. As a result, control effort will shift from input-oriented control to a combination of output and behavior control. 相似文献