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91.
Fei Xu Xiangli Shi Qingzhu Zhang Wenxing Wang 《International journal of molecular sciences》2015,16(8):18714-18731
The chlorothiophenoxy radicals (CTPRs) are key intermediate species in the formation of polychlorinated dibenzothiophenes/thianthrenes (PCDT/TAs). In this work, the formation of CTPRs from the complete series reactions of 19 chlorothiophenol (CTP) congeners with H and OH radicals were investigated theoretically by using the density functional theory (DFT) method. The profiles of the potential energy surface were constructed at the MPWB1K/6-311+G(3df,2p)//MPWB1K/6-31+G(d,p) level. The rate constants were evaluated by the canonical variational transition-state (CVT) theory with the small curvature tunneling (SCT) contribution at 600–1200 K. The present study indicates that the structural parameters, thermal data, and rate constants as well as the formation potential of CTPRs from CTPs are strongly dominated by the chlorine substitution at the ortho-position of CTPs. Comparison with the study of formation of chlorophenoxy radicals (CPRs) from chlorophenols (CPs) clearly shows that the thiophenoxyl-hydrogen abstraction from CTPs by H is more efficient than the phenoxyl-hydrogen abstraction from CPs by H, whereas the thiophenoxyl-hydrogen abstraction from CTPs by OH is less impactful than the phenoxyl-hydrogen abstraction from CPs by OH. Reactions of CTPs with H can occur more readily than that of CTPs with OH, which is opposite to the reactivity comparison of CPs with H and OH. 相似文献
92.
Yanlong Shi Xiaojuan Feng Haiyu Guan Jiahua Zhang Zhongai Hu 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2021,46(12):8557-8566
Constructing high-efficient and nonprecious electrocatalysts is of primary importance for improving the efficiency of water splitting. Herein, a novel sunflower plate-like NiFe2O4/CoNi–S nanosheet heterostructure was fabricated via facile hydrothermal and electrodeposition methods. The as-fabricated NiFe2O4/CoNi–S heterostructure array exhibits remarkable bifunctional catalytic activity and stability toward oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in alkaline media. It presents a small overpotential of 219 mV and 149 mV for OER and HER, respectively, to produce a current density of 10 mA cm?2. More significantly, when the obtained electrodes are used as both the cathode and anode in an electrolyzer, a voltage of 1.57 V is gained at 10 mA cm?2, with superior stability for 72 h. Such outstanding properties are ascribed to: the 3D porous network structure, which exposes more active sites and accelerates mass transfer and gas bubble emission; the high conductivity of CoNi–S, which provides faster charge transport and thus promotes the electrocatalytic reaction of the composites; and the effective interface engineering between NiFe2O4 (excellent performance for OER) and CoNi–S (high activity for HER), which leads to a shorter transport pathway and thus expedites electron transfer. This work provides a new strategy for designing efficient and inexpensive electrocatalysts for water splitting. 相似文献
93.
Xueli Du Yuelong Wang Rongna Shi Zhiyong Mao Zhihao Yuan 《Journal of the European Ceramic Society》2018,38(10):3512-3517
The PbClxS1-x and Pb1-xBixS (x? =?0–0.05) bulks were fabricated with a facile method of hydrothermal synthesis and microwave sintering, and the effect of anionic and cationic donors on the thermoelectric performance of PbS was investigated. Although Cl? and Bi3+ both effectively improved the thermoelectric properties of n-type PbS, more excellent thermoelectric performance was obtained from Cl? doped samples because of higher electrical property and lower thermal conductivity at higher temperature (T? >?600?K). The thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) reaches 1.04 for PbCl0.015S0.985 at 800?K and increases with temperature increasing without sign of saturation, which is probably the highest value ever reported for single-phase polycrystalline n-type PbS. The results also indicate that the hydrothermal synthesis and microwave sintering can realize anion doping as well as cation doping for n-type PbS at low cost, and PbS should be a robust alternative for PbTe thermoelectric materials. 相似文献
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95.
To minimize the mass and increase the bearing failure load of composite doublelap bolted joints, a three-step optimization strategy including feasible region reduction,
optimization model decoupling and optimization was presented. In feasible region
reduction, the dimensions of the feasible design region were reduced by selecting dominant
design variables from numerous multilevel parameters by sensitivity analyses, and the
feasible regions of variables were reduced by influence mechanism analyses. In model
decoupling, the optimization model with a large number of variables was divided into
various sub-models with fewer variables by variance analysis. In the third step, the
optimization sub-models were solved one by one using a genetic algorithm, and the
modified characteristic curve method was adopted as the failure prediction method. Based
on the proposed optimization method, optimization of a double-lap single-bolt joint was
performed using the ANSYS® code. The results show that the bearing failure load increased
by 13.5% and that the mass decreased by 8.7% compared with those of the initial design of
the joint, which validated the effectiveness of the three-step optimization strategy. 相似文献
96.
97.
98.
99.
针对基于规则和统计的传统中文简历解析方法效率低、成本高、泛化能力差的缺点,提出一种基于特征融合的中文简历解析方法,即级联Word2Vec生成的词向量和用BLSTM(Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory)建模字序列生成的词向量,然后再结合BLSTM和CRF(Conditional Random Fields)对中文简历进行解析(BLSTM-CRF)。为了提高中文简历解析的效率,级联包含字序列信息的词向量和用Word2Vec生成的词向量,融合成一个新的词向量表示;再由BLSTM强大的学习能力融合词的上下文信息,输出所有可能标签序列的分值给CRF层;再由CRF引入标签之间约束关系求解最优序列。利用梯度下降算法训练神经网络,使用预先训练的词向量和Dropout优化神经网络,最终完成对中文简历的解析工作。实验结果表明,所提的特征融合方法优于传统的简历解析方法。 相似文献
100.
琅琊山选矿厂为了提高选铁回收率,进行了粗、精、扫选磁场强度试验及磨矿细度对铁回收的影响试验。结果表明:①增大扫选磁场强度可以提高精矿铁回收率0.37个百分点;扫选磁场强度从168 kA/m提高到240 kA/m,磁性铁回收率从89.79%提高到90.86%。②磁性铁主要以微细粒流失在尾矿中,回收难度极大。③以增大扫选磁场强度可提高铁回收率0.37个百分点计算,每年可增加销售收入约14.6万元,大半年即可收回设备改造投资。 相似文献