新技术在甾体药物微生物转化中的应用

主要综述了固定化细胞和原生质体转化、双水相转化、超临界流体技术、有机介质中微生物转化以及磁场和超声处理等新技术应用于甾体药物微生物转化的研究进展。简要介绍了相应的反应器研究开发趋势。     

气固两相流中一种抗磨新方法的数值验证

The present paper intends to introduce a new method for reducing bends erosion from particles impacts:the ribbed bend erosion protection method. Ribs are evenly fixed in the range of 20°-80° on the inner-wall of inside 90° bend and the bend (including ribs) is made of medium carbon steel. Three-dimensional numerical work is performed and the result shows satisfactory agreement with the experimental measurement. Numerical simulation studies the characteristics of axial gas flow along the bend and secondary flow at cross section. Detailed analyses involving the impact velocity and incidence angle of particle- metal (either particle-rib or particle-duct) impact unveil the mechanism of the anti- erosion effect. As a result, predications achieve that the average erosion rate of the ribbed bends is only a third of the bare bend under test conditions and rectangle ribs possess higher anti-erosion effect than square ribs, while the wear distribution pattern remains unchanged after adding ribs onto the bend. All results confirm that the ribbed bend erosion protection method is a simple and effective method for reducing bends erosion from particles impacts.     

On a eulerian and lagrangian combined model in dense particle-laden riser flow

A new numerical model using both Eulerian and Lagrangian coordinates, and taking account of interparticle interactions, has been developed for the study of hydrodynamic aspects of dense particle-laden rise flows. A stochastic particle dispersion model has been incorporated in the original model to describe the gas particle turbulent flows. In addition, the collisional interaction between the particles has been modeled using the kinetic theory of granular flows based on the Chapman-Enskog theory of dense gases. A comparison with the experimental results of Miller and Gidspow (1992) shows reasonably good agreement. The present model may provide a useful approach for predicting the complex hydrodynamic behaviour of fluidized bed systems.     

Two-step purification strategy for enhanced recovery of recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen from Pichia pastoris

Univariate screening on factors affecting the purification performance of recombinant hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) on ion exchange chromatography (IEC) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and the establishment of a two-step purification strategy were performed. Amongst four IEC adsorbents examined, the use of Q Sepharose XL IEC adsorbent under optimized conditions together with optimized SEC purification was able to efficiently purify HBsAg. An established purification strategy comprising the two techniques further demonstrated adaptability for scale-up operations with a final total purification factor (PF) of 94.82 ± 16.20, HBsAg purity of 95.48% and recovery yield of 78.07%.     

臭氧氧化结合硫代硫酸钠溶液喷淋同时脱硫脱硝

采用臭氧氧化结合湿法喷淋硫代硫酸钠溶液的方法开展模拟烟气同时脱硫脱硝实验研究。结果表明,采用臭氧氧化结合Na₂S₂O₃-NaOH溶液湿法喷淋可以实现NO_x和SO₂协同脱除:在O₃/NO摩尔比为1.1～1.2时,溶液中Na₂S₂O₃浓度的增加会提高系统的NO_x脱除效率,烟气中SO₂的存在会促进NO_x的脱除,当SO₂浓度为1030 mg·m^-3、2.0%Na₂S₂O₃溶液作为喷淋液时可实现较高的SO₂脱除效率,同时NO_x脱除效率可达70%以上;喷淋液pH在2.5～9范围内变化时提高浆液pH有利于NO_x的脱除,当pH 9时脱硝效率可达75%。180 min连续同时脱硫脱硝实验结果表明,硫代硫酸钠可有效促进NO_x的脱除,并实现SO₂较高的脱除效率,同时可实现系统同时脱硫脱硝连续稳定运行,喷淋吸收后烟气中NO_x的主要转化产物为NO₂^-, 该方法作为一种有效的同时脱硫脱硝技术,具有一定的工业应用推广前景。     

海底用喷涂聚氨酯硬泡保温配重管的节点补口技术

针对海洋油气输送用聚氨酯硬泡喷涂保温配重管铺设过程中节点补口进行改进研究,介绍了一种聚氨酯硬泡喷涂保温配重管节点结构和施工工艺。主要采用聚氨酯硬泡保温半瓦和浇注聚氨酯弹性体进行节点补口,节点补口性能测试验证效果良好,满足海底油气管道铺设要求。     

数字全息在线测量煤粉粒度分布

煤粉粒度是燃煤电厂的重要指标,在线测量煤粉粒度能够即时指导锅炉优化运行,对节能减排具有重要意义。搭建了一套模拟一次风粉管道的煤粉粒径在线测量的装置,解决了传统取样方法堵塞和测量实时性差的问题,并设计实验研究数字全息在线测量煤粉粒度的可行性和可靠性。实验结果表明,数字全息在线测量煤粉粒度分布曲线与激光粒度仪的测量曲线趋势一致,平均粒径相对误差为5.6%,表征粒度分布的关键参数d₅₀和d₉₀的相对误差均低于2%,满足工业应用的需求。数字全息技术对稀释前后不同浓度的煤粉粒径关键参数的测量相对误差均低于7%,稀释前后的煤粉粒度的数量分布和体积曲线的趋势一致,验证了数字全息技术在线测量煤粉粒度分布的可靠性,为整体测量装置的开发奠定了基础。     

Direct Numerical Simulation of Particle Dispersion in the Flow Around a Circular Cylinder

The major objective of the paper is to use direct numerical simulation method to get the dispersion patterns of different Stokes number particles in cylinder wake at low Reynolds numbers. The gas fluid structure is simulated by a spectral-element method with third-order accuracy. Non-reflecting boundary condition is specified for the outlet downstream boundary. Lagrangian approach is used to trace particle trajectory. The simulation results show factors to be considered to characterize the particle dispersion and find different particle dispersion pattern in a circular cylinder wake and in a plane wake.     

引水式水电站变顶高尾水洞水力特性和体型优化

考虑引水式水电站常用的有压尾水洞和变顶高尾水洞两类布置型式,采用基于特征线法的有压管道瞬变流分析模型和适用于明满流过渡过程分析的改进狭缝法模型,分别分析系统的过渡过程特性和尾水洞体型参数的敏感性,研究不同的尾水洞型式下尾水系统的水力特性,进一步揭示了变顶高尾水洞的底宽、洞高和顶坡对尾水管进口最小内水压力的影响规律。结果表明,与增大面积的有压尾水洞比较,变顶高尾水洞是一种可行的布置型式,可有效提高尾水管进口的最小内水压力且水锤过程衰减较快;合理增大变顶高尾水洞底宽、洞高或顶坡均可不同程度地改善尾水管进口最小内水压力,其中顶坡的影响相对明显,为体型优化设计提供了参考依据。     

生物质固定床热解特性的试验研究与分析

对稻杆、稻壳、木屑在固定床热解反应器内的热解特性进行研究,考察热解反应温度和生物质种类对热解特性的影响,分析了热解产物的性质。结果表明,三种原料热解气的热值在１２０００￣１５０００ｋＪ／Ｎｍ＾３之间,可满足民用煤气的热值要求;产气率一般为０．２５￣０．４５Ｎｍ＾３／ｋｇ,其中稻壳的产气率最低;温度对热解产气率、生物油产率的影响很大,对热解气组份、热值、气流率及半焦产率影响也较显著;生物油的特性数据