Traveling-wave piezoelectric linear motor Part I: the stator design.

A new type of piezoelectric linear motor incorporating a traveling wave has been developed. The linear motor is comprised of a stator and a carriage. The stator design, which consists of a meander-line structure and gear teeth mounted on the meander-line structure, is the focus of this article. The meander-line structure is constructed with bimorph actuators arranged in a line. These actuators are driven by two phased sets of alternating current (ac) in order to generate a traveling wave. The traveling wave is transferred to the gear teeth, by which the carriage is driven. Modeling of the stator is derived by use of a strain energy method. The performance of various materials is evaluated by analytical and experimental methods. The analytical and the experimental results are quite approximate. Modal analysis is investigated using ANSYS. Appropriate modes associated with ultrasonic levels of resonant frequency are selected to obtain desired motion and to enhance the output performance. Surface speed for various applied input voltage are studied and indicate a nearly linear relationship. The stator in combination with the carriage makes up the linear motor.     

Ozonation of CI Reactive Black 5 using rotating packed bed and stirred tank reactor

This study investigates the ozonation of CI Reactive Black 5 (RB5) by using the rotating packed bed (RPB) and completely stirred tank reactor (CSTR) as ozone contactors. The RPB, which provides high gravitational force by adjusting the rotational speed, was employed as a novel ozone contactor. The same ozone dosage was separately introduced into either the RPB or the CSTR for the investigation, while the experimental solution was continuously circulated within the apparatus consisting of the RPB and CSTR. The decolorization and mineralization efficiencies of RB5 in the course of ozonation are compared for these two methods. Moreover, the dissolved and off‐gas ozone concentrations were simultaneously monitored for the further analysis. As a result, the ozone mass transfer rate per unit volume of the RPB was significantly higher because of its higher mass transfer coefficient and gas–liquid concentration driving force. Furthermore, ozonation kinetics was found to be independent of the gravitational magnitude of an ozone gas–liquid contactor. Therefore, the results suggest employing RPBs as ozone‐contacting devices with the advantage of volume reduction. The experimental results, which can be used for further modeling of the ozonation process in the RPB, also show the requirement of correct design for the RPB. Consequently, the present study is useful for the understanding of practical application of RPBs. Copyright © 2004 Society of Chemical Industry     

Optical imaging of anatomical maps derived from magnetic resonanceimages using time-independent optical sources

Presents a model suitable for computing images of absorption cross sections of thick tissue structures illuminated at near infrared (NIR) wavelengths from tomographic projection data. Image reconstruction is accomplished by solving a system of linear equations derived from transport theory. Reconstruction results using different algebraic solvers are shown for anatomical maps of the breast, derived from magnetic resonance imaging data, containing two simulated pathologies, in which case qualitatively good reconstructions were obtained. Evaluation of magnetic resonance (MR) data to optimize NIR optical tomographic imaging methods and to assess the feasibility of a combined MR-optical measurement scheme is discussed     

β″－Al_2O_3陶瓷的强化和韧化

研究了稳定ＺｒＯ＿２和部份稳定ＺｒＯ＿２对β″－Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３陶瓷的强化和韧化作用，观察了不同种类、不同含量的ＺｒＯ＿２对β″－Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３陶瓷的显微结构、力学性能和电导率的影响，探讨了β″－Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３的韧化机理。     

Enhanced electron emission from phosphorus-doped diamond-cladsilicon field emitter arrays

Undoped and phosphorus (P)-doped diamond-clad Si field emitter arrays have been successfully fabricated using microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition (MPCVD) technology. The electron emission from the blunt diamond-clad microtips are much higher than those for the pure Si tips with sharp curvature due to a lower work function. Furthermore, the characteristics of emission current against applied voltage for the P-doped diamond-clad tips show superior emission at lower field to the undoped ones. After the examination of Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and electrical characteristics of as-grown diamond, such a significant enhancement of the electron emission from the P-doped diamond-clad tips is attributed to a higher electron conductivity and defect densities     

Directly Compressible Acetaminophen Compositions Prepared by Fluidized-Bed Granulation

Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) in aqueous solution was used as a binding agent in a fluidized-bed system to agglomerate acetaminophen powder into directly compressible granules. It was found that a minimal amount of 5% w/w PVP in a concentration of 7.5% w/v or less was needed to produce granules with an acceptable flow and the corresponding tablets having enough hardness without capping. There was a strong correlation between the time for 80% dissolved (T₈₀) and the logarithm of granule volume-surface mean diameter. A directly compressible acetaminophen composition to manufacture tablets having a T₈₀ value less than 30 min can be prepared simply by adding an appropriate amount of disintegrant (crospovidone, sodium starch glycolate, or pregelatinized starch) to the agglomerated granules.     

A new space-vector-modulated control for a unidirectionalthree-phase switch-mode rectifier

A unidirectional three-phase switch-mode rectifier that delivers sinusoidal input currents in phase with the corresponding input phase voltages is proposed and analyzed in this paper. In the proposed topology, three AC switches are placed before the bridge rectifier and, respectively, across two power lines. A simple control scheme combing space-vector modulation and hysteresis current control is presented. Sinusoidal input line currents are observed in experimental results     

An analytical grain-barrier height model and its characterizationfor intrinsic poly-Si thin-film transistor

An analytical model for the grain-barrier height of the intrinsic poly-Si thin-film transistors (TFTs) is developed, in which the grain-barrier height for the applied gate voltage smaller than the threshold voltage is obtained by solving the charge neutrality equation and the grain-barrier height for the applied gate voltage larger than the threshold voltage is obtained by using the quasi-two-dimensional (2-D) method. Good agreements between experimental and simulation results are obtained for a wide gate voltage range