电子商务实验课程教学体系建设探索

以提高电子商务实验课程实践创新能力为目标,华中科技大学IBM技术中心开展了以电子商务实验课程为主的实践教学改革探索,构建了实验教学三大课堂:基础性教学课堂、创新或创业性课堂、企业实践课堂。本文阐述了创新型实践教学体系分为逐级递进的3个层次,并探讨了实施创新型实践教学的组织形式与评价方法。该研究对于提高学生创新能力和完善本科生创新机制的管理具有积极作用。     

Kinetic study of the aqueous electropolymerization of acrylamide,acrylonitrile andN,N′-methylene-bisacrylamide on an aluminium alloy cathode

This study concerns the potassium persulphate electroinitiated polymerization of acrylamide, acrylonitrile andN, N-methylene-bisacrylamide on a 5182 aluminium-magnesium alloy. Kinetic studies of the polymerization gave the polymerization as -d[M]/dt=K(CD)^0.99 [Persulphate]^1.12 [M]^2.33, whereCD is current density (mA cm^–2), [M] is monomer concentration (mol cm^–3),K is a constant andt is time (s). It is proposed that the thick swollen polymer coating restricted the diffusion of monomers and initiators to the electrode. The problem of mass transfer by diffusion in the present system was confirmed by measurements of the diffusion coefficient and by electron transfer fraction experiments carried out through the use of a cyclic voltammetry technique.     

All-Visible-Light Triggered Photoswitch of Dithienylethene Derivatives with Molecular Conformation Changes Excess 5 Å

Developing new all-visible-light driven fluorescent molecular switches has attracted much interests due to their important application prospects in materials science and life science. Herein, three novel all-visible-light triggered fluorescent molecular photoswitches ( 2P3 , 4F , and 4Cl ) are designed and prepared, which are realized by prolonging π-conjugation length with aggregated-induced emission units. These photoswitches show reversible photochromic and fluorescent switching in dilute solutions and films under 420 nm and 560 nm irradiations. Meanwhile, upon alternating irradiations with 450 nm/560 nm light, effective photochromic and fluorescent switching in powder states are also achieved. More interestingly, two distinct conformations with different photochromic abilities can be altered by solvents polarity. The size difference of the two conformations is over 5 Å in the vertical direction which is one of the largest changes among photochromic molecules based on dithienylethene. The accompanying conformational changes are analysed to understand the relationship between solvent characteristics and crystal structure, as well as the intermolecular interaction in solid state for all-visible-light triggered photoswitching molecules.     

Inorganic Filler Enhanced Formation of Stable Inorganic-Rich Solid Electrolyte Interphase for High Performance Lithium Metal Batteries

Lithium metal (LM) is a promising anode material for next generation lithium ion based electrochemical energy storage devices. Critical issues of unstable solid electrolyte interphases (SEIs) and dendrite growth however still impede its practical applications. Herein, a composite gel polymer electrolyte (GPE), formed through in situ polymerization of pentaerythritol tetraacrylate with fumed silica fillers, is developed to achieve high performance lithium metal batteries (LMBs). As evidenced theoretically and experimentally, the presence of SiO₂ not only accelerates Li⁺ transport but also regulates Li⁺ solvation sheath structures, thus facilitating fast kinetics and formation of stable LiF-rich interphase and achieving uniform Li depositions to suppress Li dendrite growth. The composite GPE-based Li||Cu half-cells and Li||Li symmetrical cells display high Coulombic efficiency (CE) of 90.3% after 450 cycles and maintain stability over 960 h at 3 mA cm⁻² and 3 mAh cm⁻², respectively. In addition, Li||LiFePO₄ full-cells with a LM anode of limited Li supply of 4 mAh cm⁻² achieve capacity retention of 68.5% after 700 cycles at 0.5 C (1 C = 170 mA g⁻¹). Especially, when further applied in anode-free LMBs, the carbon cloth||LiFePO₄ full-cell exhibits excellent cycling stability with an average CE of 99.94% and capacity retention of 90.3% at the 160th cycle at 0.5 C.     

基于双重信息检索的Bash代码注释生成方法

Bash是Linux默认的shell命令语言.它在Linux系统的开发和维护中起到重要作用.对不熟悉Bash语言的开发人员来说,理解Bash代码的目的和功能具有一定的挑战性.针对Bash代码注释自动生成问题提出了一种基于双重信息检索的方法 ExplainBash.该方法基于语义相似度和词法相似度进行双重检索,从而生成高质量代码注释.其中,语义相似度基于CodeBERT和BERT-whitening操作训练出代码语义表示,并基于欧式距离来实现;词法相似度基于代码词元构成的集合,并基于编辑距离来实现.以NL2Bash研究中共享的语料库为基础,进一步合并NLC2CMD竞赛共享的数据以构造高质量语料库.随后,选择了来自代码注释自动生成领域的9种基准方法,这些基准方法覆盖了基于信息检索的方法和基于深度学习的方法.实证研究和人本研究的结果验证了ExplainBash方法的有效性.然后设计了消融实验,对ExplainBash方法内设定(例如检索策略、BERT-whitening操作等)的合理性进行了分析.最后,基于所提方法开发出一个浏览器插件,以方便用户对Bash代码的理解.     

基于递归切片网络的三维点云语义分割与实例分割

目的 针对三维点云语义与实例分割特征点提取精度不高、实例分割精度极度依赖语义分割的性能、在密集场景或小单元分割目标中出现语义类别错分以及实例边缘模糊等问题,提出了基于递归切片网络的三维点云语义分割与实例分割网络。方法 网络对输入点云进行切片,并将无序点云映射到有序序列上;利用双向长短期记忆网络（bidirectional long short-term memory,BiLSTM）得到带有局部特征和全局特征的编码特征矩阵;将编码特征矩阵解码为两个并行分支,进行多尺度的特征融合;对语义与实例特征进行融合,得到并行的语义与实例分割网络。结果 在斯坦福大尺度3D室内场景数据集（Stanford large-scale 3D indoor spaces dataset,S3DIS）以及ShapeNet数据集上,与目前最新点云分割方法进行实验对比。实验结果表明,在S3DIS数据集上,本文算法的语义分割的平均交并比指标为73%,较动态核卷积方法（position adaptive convolution,PAConv）提高7.4%,并且在13个类别中的8个类别取得最好成绩;实例分割中平均实例覆盖率指标为67.7%。在ShapeNet数据集上,语义分割的平均交并比为89.2%,较PAConv算法提高4.6%,较快速、鲁棒的点云语义与实例分割方法（fast and robust joint semantic-instance segmentation,3DCFS）提高1.6%。结论 本文提出的语义与实例分割融合网络,综合了语义分割与实例分割的优点,有效提高语义分割与实例分割精度。     

零碳园区电-氢混合储能系统多目标优化配置

随着氢气生产和储存技术的快速发展,开发氢气储能系统(hydrogen energy storage systems, HESSs)将给能源和电力系统结构带来根本性变化。HESSs和电池储能系统(battery energy storage systems, BESSs)相结合进行协调优化可以解决多种能源供需之间的不平衡,并提高能源效率。为确保BESSs和HESSs规划的有效性,以最小全生命周期成本(life cycle cost, LCC)、系统网损、联络线交换功率偏差、负荷波动以及电压波动为目标,采用带精英策略的非支配排序遗传算法(non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II, NSGA2)求解储能系统(energy storage systems, ESSs)选址定容规划方案的Pareto非支配解集。并利用基于熵权法(entropy weight method, EWM)的灰靶决策在Pareto非支配解集中选取最佳折中解。另外,通过模糊核C-均值(fuzzy kernel C-means, FKCM)聚类算法获取源荷典型运行场景集,并基于扩展的IEEE-33节点系统进行仿真分析。仿真结果表明:NSGA2算法不仅实现了电-氢混合储能系统LCC最小,且其电压质量、功率稳定性、网损与负荷波动也显著优于对比算法。     

温循条件下电源模块的瞬态热力耦合研究及优化

针对电源模块在温度循环条件下工作的可靠性问题,以典型电源模块为研究对象,基于有限元分析软件建立温循条件下电源模块的瞬态温度分布模型和电源模块的瞬态热力耦合模型,着重分析芯片、玻璃绝缘子等易损区域。在此基础上以玻璃绝缘子的最大热应力和芯片的最高温度为优化目标,对电源模块进行遗传算法优化设计。结果表明,相比其他研究直接施加热载荷条件,采用瞬态热力耦合所得电源模块结果更准确,芯片温度为86.03℃,玻璃绝缘子的热应力为61.27 MPa。经过遗传算法优化的芯片温度为81.85℃,玻璃绝缘子的热应力为37.05 MPa,满足可靠性要求。证明遗传算法与仿真结合,可有效提高产品设计的可靠性。     

圆筒网涂层激光清除的扫描覆盖模型研究

为了提高圆网聚合物覆膜激光清除中扫描覆盖率及光强分布均匀性,提出了一种线式扫描轨迹光强叠覆优化模型。通过分析圆筒转速与激光单点光斑轨迹,分析了清洗区域光斑在圆筒表面的覆盖域规律,建立激光线式扫描轨迹运动函数;由此建构了激光扫描覆盖模型,探究了圆筒转速、激光扫描线速度以及激光平移速度的关联关系,分析了联合运动的激光光斑分布规律;最后,通过与光斑高斯光强进行拟合分析,得到了圆筒转速与光强均度优化参数,实现激光在圆筒网的能量均匀覆盖。对镍金属圆网表面聚合物涂层进行激光辐照实验,并利用红外光谱测试仪检测样本,实验表明:圆网清洗区域涂层特征峰吸光度近似一致,验证了优化参数下光强分布的均匀性。     

谐振器加载石墨烯的双通带可调滤波衰减器设计

石墨烯材料在微波段的阻抗可控特性是其最有价值的应用特性之一。文中首次分析了石墨烯对微带 多模谐振的影响机理,提出了一种集成滤波衰减功能为一体的灵活可控器件。首先,对不同位置加载石墨烯的微带双 模谐振器进行了严格的等效电路建模,通过奇偶模分析法及输入导纳参数计算,探究了双模谐振受石墨烯阻抗及其加 载位置的影响,明晰了石墨烯材料对微波谐振器的影响。随后设计了动态可调的滤波衰减器并阐述了石墨烯材料在谐 波控制上的潜在应用点。最后,采用不同尺寸的双模谐振器进行石墨烯加载并完成双通带幅度独立可控的滤波衰减器 的设计,仿真与实测结果吻合良好,验证了阻抗可控石墨烯材料在可调微波衰减类器件上的应用前景。