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81.
Nino Terjung Christin Monville Myriam Loeffler Monika Gibis Jörg Hinrichs Jochen Weiss 《Journal of food science》2014,79(10):M2056-M2065
This study evaluated the antimicrobial effect of Nα‐Lauroyl‐L‐arginine ethyl estermonohydrochloride (lauric arginate), sodium lactate, and sodium diacetate at various concentrations against Listeria innocua, Escherichia coli C600, and Lactobacillus curvatus (102 CFU/g) on “Lyoner style” sausage slices as a function of application form. We want to investigate if the results of a surface application of lauric arginate in various applications forms may differ from that of an in‐matrix application since different physicochemical processes occur at surfaces than in matrices. Lauric arginate was applied on the surface of meat emulsions as aqueous solution, as oil‐in‐water emulsion, and as solid lipid particles. The sausages slices were stored at 6 °C for 24 d and bacterial growth was assessed every 3rd day. The growth of L. curvatus was not impacted by lactate and diacetate at any tested concentration. In contrast, L. innocua and E. coli were inhibited over 24 d in the presence of ≥3.0 × 103 μg/g diacetate. Aqueous lauric arginate solutions of 2.0 and 2.5 × 103 μg/g were required for total inhibition of L. curvatus and L. innocua, respectively. The growth of E. coli was not affected by application of lauric arginate. The use of lauric arginate in an oil‐in‐water emulsion or solid lipid particles reduced antimicrobial effectiveness on the surface of Lyoner slices, which is in stark contrast to a previously conducted in‐matrix application of the same systems. Results were attributed to molecular interactions and mass transport processes that rendered lauric arginate less active when applied as emulsions or solid lipid particles. Results highlight the importance of understanding physicochemical properties when using interfacially active antimicrobials. 相似文献
82.
One important issue in fluidized bed combustion is the effect of the fluidized particles on the homogeneous oxidation of both the volatiles and CO from char combustion. These surfaces are thought to quench the radicals and thus lower the rate of combustion significantly. In this work the quenching of the radicals is introduced in a detailed chemical kinetic mechanism to model the effect of the solids on the oxidation of CO in the particulate and bubble phases. In this way the effect of particle concentration, particle diameter, temperature, air-to-fuel ratio, and water concentration has been studied. The results do confirm that oxidation rates are significantly reduced in the particulate phase, although no complete suppression was found. In the bubble phase the effect of heterogeneous radical quenching following mass transfer into the particulate phase and also quenching on the solids at a bubble’s surface is small. No critical (minimum) bubble diameter for the ignition of CO in the bubble phase was found under the investigated conditions. A comparison with the literature on the oxidation of CH4 in an incipiently fluidized bed confirms the predictions for the oxidation of CO. 相似文献
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An experiment was designed to estimate the optimal interval from the beginning of estrus to artificial insemination (AI). The data were analyzed by means of a mathematical model. The analysis was based on pedometer readings and results of rectal palpation at 42 to 49 d post-AI of 171 breedings in 121 cows. The chance of conception was highest between 6 and 17 h after increased pedometer activity; the estimated optimum was at 11.8 h. In this data file, the effects of disease, inseminator, time of AI (a.m. or p.m.), and bull did not contribute to the improvement of the model. The effects of disease were not significant because of the low incidence of any specific disease. Activity measurements can be used as a tool for AI strategy to improve conception in groups of healthy cows and heifers already showing visual signs of estrus. 相似文献
85.
C. F. Loeffler W. J. Mansur 《International journal for numerical methods in engineering》2003,58(8):1167-1186
This work presents a new boundary‐element method formulation called quasi‐dual reciprocity formulation for heat transfer problems, considering diffusive and advective terms. The present approach has some characteristics similar to those of the so‐called dual‐reciprocity formulation; however, the mathematical developments of the quasi‐dual reciprocity approach reduces approximation errors due to global domain interpolation. Some one‐ and two‐dimensional examples are presented, the results being compared against those obtained from analytical and dual‐reciprocity formulations. The method convergence is evaluated through analyses where the mesh is successively refined for various Peclet numbers, in order to assess the effect of the advective term. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Violetta Sessi Maik Simon Halid Mulaosmanovic Darius Pohl Markus Loeffler Tom Mauersberger Franz P. G. Fengler Terence Mittmann Claudia Richter Stefan Slesazeck Thomas Mikolajick Walter M. Weber 《Advanced Electronic Materials》2020,6(4)
The design and characterization of a Schottky‐type ferroelectric field‐effect transistor based on a nominally undoped silicon nanowire are reported. The nanowire transistor is fabricated by top‐down technology starting from a silicon‐on insulator wafer. A thin ferroelectric Hf0.38Zr0.62O2 layer is integrated via a gate‐first approach. Abrupt Schottky source/drain contacts to the undoped silicon are provided by NiSi2 formation. Two distinct nonvolatile transistor states (programmed and erased) are observed in correspondence to negative and positive polarization in the ferroelectric layer, delivering a memory window of ≈1.5 V and, differently to conventional ferroelectric field effect transistors, yielding an on‐current difference of up to 30%. These results are interpreted as a combination of effects, arising from the proximity of the ferroelectric layer to both the channel and the Schottky‐junction regions. The threshold voltage shift, due to a polarization field acting on the channel, adds up to a polarization field‐driven tuning of the current injection through the Schottky‐source junction. This provides a strategy for manufacturing Schottky‐type nanoscale transistors with the add‐on nonvolatile option, following a complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor compatible process. In particular, the device concept is of great interest for achieving nonvolatile polarity modification in reconfigurable field‐effect transistors. 相似文献
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The effects of lysophosphatidylcholine on jejunal water and solute transport were studied in vivo in the rat. Five mM lysophosphatidylcholine significantly reduced absorption of water, electrolytes and glucose (P<0.05) and 10 mM lysophosphatidylcholine induced net fluid secretion. The effects of 10 mM lysophosphatidylcholine were significantly reduced in the presence of 5 mM phosphatidylcholine (P<0.05) and 2 mM cholesterol (P<0.05). The fractional absorption of lysophosphatidylcholine decreased with increasing concentration of the detergent in the perfusion solution. Increasing concentrations of taurocholate in the perfusion solutions potentiated the effects of lysophosphatidylcholine (P<0.01), although 10 mM taurocholate by itself had no significant effect on intestinal water and electrolyte transport. The data establish that lysophosphatidylcholine, a zwitterionic detergent, affects intestinal transport in the same way as bile acids, fatty acids and synthetic cationic or nonionic detergents. By comparison with the response of the human jejunum to taurodeoxycholate, it is likely that lysophosphatidylcholine generated during the normal process of digestion has an effect on intestinal water and solute transport in man. 相似文献