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131.
Grazing incidence reflection absorption Fourier transform infrared (GIRA-FTIR) spectroscopy was used to characterize the ferroelectric behavior of a thin poly(vinylidene fluoride–trifluoroethylene) P(VDF–TrFE) copolymer. The lab-built GIRA-FTIR apparatus allowed the heating and corona poling process to be carried out whilst collecting the GIRA spectra of the thin polymer film. The Curie transition from the ferroelectric to paraelectric phase was confirmed from the abrupt change in intensity of the 849 cm−1 band in the RA-FTIR spectrum. It was found that the Curie temperature dropped dramatically when the film thickness was lowered to below a certain critical value of approximately 100 nm. The switching of the CF2 dipoles in the ferroelectric crystals after applying the external electric field could be determined by monitoring the change in the 849 cm−1 band intensity. For the 600 nm thick P(VDF–TrFE) film, the switching of the dipoles appears to occur almost instantaneously, while the kinetics of dipole switching of the 75 nm thick film were significantly retarded. The repeated switchability of the CF2 dipoles upon the application of a bipolar cyclic electric field was also confirmed. The bistability of the film due to remnant polarization was also confirmed from the absorbance of the 849 cm−1 band after removing the applied voltage during corona poling. 相似文献
132.
BaMgAl10O17∶Eu2 (BAM) was prepared in the microemulsion system and its phase behavior was studied. There exists a small region in the reverse microemulsion system where the dispersed particles are of spherical form. In this way, BAM blue phosphor with good dispersion can be synthesized. The microemulsion phase diagrams of the pseudo-ternary system (Triton X-100/cosurfactant-oil-BAM brine) were first established intuitively by the dilution method. The microstructure of microemulsions was determined through eyeballing, conductance technique, and polar optical microscopy. Its phase behavior is affected by various factors, such as temperature (room temperature, 30, 40 ℃), oil, surfactants, and cosurfactants in microemulsions. According to the phase diagrams, the microemulsion system of Triton X-100/1-hexanol-hexane-BAM brine was chosen to prepare the precursor. The BAM phosphor can be obtained via sintering the precursor at a comparatively low temperature. The phosphors were characterized by XRD and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) spectra. 相似文献
133.
随着国家对多家办电、混合式经济模式的鼓励和政策优惠,中小水电开发已掀起一股热潮,究其开发模式主要有国有全资、民营独资、股份制等几种。本文主要结合贵州乌江清水河水电开发有限公司对清水河中型水电开发的实际,探究股份制混合经济的投资控制及管理模式。 相似文献
134.
135.
Filled fibrous sorbents modified with transition metal ferro- and ferricyanides capable to recover americium(III) and rare-earth metals(III) from nitric acid solutions were prepared. The most complete and rapid recovery is attained on complex-forming and cation-exchange sorbents (as filled fibrous materials) saturated with nickel ions. The sorbents are characterized by good kinetic properties and can be used for recovery of the above metals. 相似文献
136.
Production methods used to prepare graphite crucibles with high operating properties are considered: use as a filler of good
graphitizing acicular coke, vibration molding of the original coke mix, use of production cycles for impregnation with medium
temperature coal-tar pitch — firing, firing of compacted billets in metal containers, graphitization of fired billets in graphite
cylinders. The last two production methods make it possible to reduce the temperature drop throughout the volume of a billet
during heat treatment, and as a consequence to reduce crack development to a minimum as a result of reducing thermal stresses.
All of the production methods recommended may be entirely accomplished in existing electrode plants and may be used to increase
markedly the quality crucible graphite. It is possible to achieve a quality for these materials at the best world level.
Translated from Novye Ogneupory, No. 8, pp. 28–33, August 2008. 相似文献
137.
L. M. Aksel’rod V. I. Rumyantsev N. Yu. Korableva N. V. Belykh Ya. G. Dyatlova 《Refractories and Industrial Ceramics》2008,49(2):116-119
Technology is developed for preparing refractory components made of partially stabilized zirconium dioxide using an isostatic
compaction press. Technology is provided for manufacturing dispensing nozzles using combined and separately stabilized zirconium
dioxide, and also indices of the refractories obtained and imported materials are compared.
__________
Translated from Novye Ogneupory, No. 3, pp. 127–131, March 2008. 相似文献
138.
A. A. Man’kov Yu. V. Krasovitskii E. V. Arkhangel’skaya S. L. Kabargin D. B. Troshchenko N. N. Lobacheva V. P. Dobrosotskii 《Refractories and Industrial Ceramics》2008,49(3):225-228
Methods are proposed for designing interpolation models for the preliminary determination and subsequent forecasting of general
and fractional breakthrough coefficients for dust used with granular filters, as employed in energy-saving and high-performance
dust trapping from technological gases and ventilation discharges in refractory production. The models are supplied with nomograms,
which makes them widely suitable for experts working in environmental protection at refractory-producing organizations. The
main factors are identified that influence the performance. The results are of interest to experts in related areas of industry
such as building materials and engineering ceramics and so on.
Translated from Novye Ogneupory, No. 4, pp. 64–67, April, 2008. 相似文献
139.
Yu. K. Kazanov 《Coke and Chemistry》2008,51(3):97-100
Known methods of calculating the required compositions of pitch-coke mixtures in producing large graphitized electrodes are not widely used [1, 2]. This may be attributed to the multivariance of the problem, the probabilistic character of the technological operations, the lack of well-founded optimization criteria, and the sensitivity of the characteristics of the product to variation in the parameters of the initial materials and their ratios in the mixture. The only means of solving the problem is physical modeling, taking account of current computer capabilities. 相似文献
140.