全文获取类型
收费全文 | 259658篇 |
免费 | 3587篇 |
国内免费 | 822篇 |
专业分类
电工技术 | 5130篇 |
综合类 | 330篇 |
化学工业 | 37219篇 |
金属工艺 | 10252篇 |
机械仪表 | 8485篇 |
建筑科学 | 6101篇 |
矿业工程 | 1076篇 |
能源动力 | 6389篇 |
轻工业 | 22852篇 |
水利工程 | 2561篇 |
石油天然气 | 3908篇 |
武器工业 | 68篇 |
无线电 | 34720篇 |
一般工业技术 | 50059篇 |
冶金工业 | 46527篇 |
原子能技术 | 5418篇 |
自动化技术 | 22972篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 2036篇 |
2019年 | 2033篇 |
2018年 | 3467篇 |
2017年 | 3532篇 |
2016年 | 3728篇 |
2015年 | 2319篇 |
2014年 | 4047篇 |
2013年 | 11283篇 |
2012年 | 6561篇 |
2011年 | 8874篇 |
2010年 | 6981篇 |
2009年 | 7848篇 |
2008年 | 8676篇 |
2007年 | 8614篇 |
2006年 | 7802篇 |
2005年 | 7139篇 |
2004年 | 6885篇 |
2003年 | 6731篇 |
2002年 | 6370篇 |
2001年 | 6469篇 |
2000年 | 6169篇 |
1999年 | 6252篇 |
1998年 | 14239篇 |
1997年 | 10268篇 |
1996年 | 8110篇 |
1995年 | 6411篇 |
1994年 | 5710篇 |
1993年 | 5581篇 |
1992年 | 4551篇 |
1991年 | 4211篇 |
1990年 | 4048篇 |
1989年 | 3779篇 |
1988年 | 3624篇 |
1987年 | 3170篇 |
1986年 | 3065篇 |
1985年 | 3610篇 |
1984年 | 3382篇 |
1983年 | 3031篇 |
1982年 | 2850篇 |
1981年 | 2951篇 |
1980年 | 2760篇 |
1979年 | 2648篇 |
1978年 | 2499篇 |
1977年 | 2945篇 |
1976年 | 3554篇 |
1975年 | 2316篇 |
1974年 | 2312篇 |
1973年 | 2318篇 |
1972年 | 1849篇 |
1971年 | 1745篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 46 毫秒
981.
D Schmidt P Wischmeyer I Leuschner E Sprenger E Langenau D von Schweinitz D Harms 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1993,72(10):2914-2919
BACKGROUND: In several types of tumors, including hepatocellular carcinoma, prognosis could be correlated with DNA ploidy. Few studies have been performed on hepatoblastoma with contradictory results. METHODS: Twenty-nine cases of nonpretreated hepatoblastoma were studied with flow cytometry and image cytometry for DNA index and proliferation index using paraffin-embedded tissue. RESULTS: Twenty-three (79.9%) tumors were diploid, and 6 (20.7%) were aneuploid (hyperdiploid). Patients with diploid tumors were younger than those with aneuploid tumors. With regard to stage, diploid tumors were almost equally distributed among stages (tumor, lymph node metastases, distant metastases), whereas aneuploid tumors tended to occur in higher stages (tumor, lymph node metastases, distant metastases). Diploid tumors had clearly a better prognosis than aneuploid tumors, although the difference was not statistically significant (flow cytometry, P = 0.06; image cytometry, P = 0.16). A more favorable prognosis was also noted for hepatoblastomas with low-proliferation index (< or = 7%), but the difference from tumors with high-proliferation index (> 7%) again was not statistically significant (P = 0.16). CONCLUSIONS: Although no statistically significant differences in prognosis between hepatoblastomas with diploid and aneuploid DNA content, respectively, were found, there is a clear tendency that diploid hepatoblastomas behave more favorably. The same is true for hepatoblastomas with low-proliferation index. 相似文献
982.
In this paper, we discuss the problem of quality control with an unreliable machine which produces defects at a rate of Λ0, per unit when in-control and a rate of Lambda; 1, when out-of-control (where Λ1 Λ 0). Every h time periods, we sample n units, count the number of defects, and (using a process based on a Shewart c-chart) test the hypothesis that the machine is in control by comparing the total number of defects to an upper control limit (UCL). More important, we introduce the concept that a buffer inventory which immediately follows the unreliable machine may reduce expected total costs. This buffer serves to delay the movement of items from the unreliable machine to the next stage of the production process. In this way, we can isolate and repair most defective items before they are embedded in a product downstream or sold to customers where repair is more costly. To search for the optimal control policy, we find bounds for n, h, and UCL; given values for these variables, we show how the optimal buffer size can be determined directly. Numerical results illustrate the magnitude of potential savings. 相似文献
983.
A self-organized field-oriented induction machine controller that addresses problems encountered in the field-weakening region is presented. The field-oriented controller (FOC) is based on model reference adaptive principles but relies on samples of the state of the machine to determine control inputs. The proposed controller is compared with other approaches to field-weakening operation, and the advantages and limitations of each are discussed. Experimental results are presented for the classical and the self-organized approaches to field-weakening operation 相似文献
984.
G Borgonovo M Costantini D Grange C Vons C Smadja D Franco 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1996,119(2):214-221
BACKGROUND: There is no agreement on the management of patients with cirrhosis and recurrent variceal bleeding after failure of medical or endoscopic treatments or both. Portal systemic shunts are highly effective in preventing rebleeding but are associated with a high incidence of chronic encephalopathy. This study compared the results of a slightly modified Sugiura procedure (esophageal transection plus esophagogastric devascularization plus splenectomy) with those of nonselective portal systemic shunts in patients with previous variceal bleeding. METHODS: Fifty-four patients were included in this randomized controlled study between January 1984 and April 1989. The major end point was chronic encephalopathy. Secondary end points were recurrent variceal bleeding, survival, ascites, and hepatocellular carcinoma. RESULTS: Twenty-seven patients were assigned to each group. The rate of chronic encephalopathy was significantly (p = 0.002) lower after modified Sugiura procedure than after portal systemic shunt. Recurrent variceal bleeding was more frequent after modified Sugiura procedure than after portal systemic shunt, but the difference is not significant. One-, two-, and three-year survival rates were 93%, 81%, and 67%, respectively, in the modified Sugiura group and 78%, 66%, and 39%, respectively, in the portal systemic shunt group (p = 0.044). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the modified Sugiura procedure is better overall than the nonselective portal systemic shunt in the management of patients with cirrhosis and recurrent variceal bleeding. Although the rebleeding rate is higher after the modified Sugiura procedure, this does not seem to affect mortality in these patients. 相似文献
985.
We report 11 patients having revision of total hip arthroplasty using massive structural allografts for failure due to sepsis and associated bone loss. All patients had a two-stage reconstruction and the mean follow-up was 47.8 months (24 to 72). Positive cultures were obtained at the first stage in nine of the 11 patients, with Staphylococcus epidermidis being the most common organism. The other two patients had draining sinuses with negative cultures. There was no recurrence of infection in any patient. The mean increase in the modified Harris hip score was 45 and all the grafts appeared to have united to host bone. Two patients required additional procedures, but only one was related to the allograft. Complications included an incomplete sciatic nerve palsy and one case of graft resorption. Our results support the use of massive allografts in failed septic hip arthroplasty in which there is associated bone loss. 相似文献
986.
M Villarini M Moretti E Damiani L Greci AM Santroni D Fedeli G Falcioni 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,24(7-8):1310-1315
Because previous literature reports have demonstrated that nucleated trout erythrocytes in conditions of oxidative stress are subjected to both membrane damage and a decrease in the enzymatic defense systems (glutathione peroxidase), which in turn lead to hemolysis, the present study was undertaken to determine whether DNA may be affected too, prior to the hemolytic event. Impairment of DNA in stressed trout erythrocytes was assessed using the comet assay--a rapid and sensitive, single-cell gel electrophoresis technique used to detect primary DNA damage in individual cells. In addition, indolinic and quinolinic nitroxide radicals were included in the study to determine their efficacy as antioxidants against free-radical-induced DNA damage. The parameters, tail length, tail intensity, and tail moment, used as an index of DNA damage, have shown that trout erythrocytes exposed to oxidative stress experience DNA damage prior to hemolysis and that the nitroxides significantly prevent this damage. This result provides further information about the potential use of these compounds as antioxidants in biological systems. 相似文献
987.
P Peretti-Viton D Taieb JM Viton A Flori X Muracciole V Benguigui G Salamon 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,40(12):783-787
Our purpose was to compare prospectively the sensitivity of contrast-enhanced magnetisation transfer (MT) MRI and gradient-echo (GE) T1-weighted images in metastatic disease of the brain. We studied 52 patients with brain metastases, using conventional T1-weighted GE and MT spin-echo (SE) images after the same standard dose of gadolinium. Axial 5-mm reconstructions of GE data were compared with 5-mm MT images in the same plane. Metastases were counted independently by two neuroradiologists. In 12 patients (23%) MT imaging showed more metastases than GE images (P = 0.03). We detected 68 more metastases with the former technique. 相似文献
988.
D Meletzus P Rudnick N Doetsch A Green C Kennedy 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,180(12):3260-3264
To determine whether in Azotobacter vinelandii the PII protein influences the regulation of nif gene expression in response to fluxes in the ammonium supply, the gene encoding PII was isolated and characterized. Its deduced translation product was highly similar to PII proteins from other organisms, with the greatest degree of relatedness being exhibited to the Escherichia coli glnK gene product. A gene designated amtB was found downstream of and was contranscribed with glnK as in E. coli. The AmtB protein is similar to functionally characterized ammonium transport proteins from a few other eukaryotes and one other prokaryote. glnK and amtB comprise an operon. Attempts to isolate a stable glnK mutant strain were unsuccessful, suggesting that glnK, like glnA, is an essential gene in A. vinelandii. amtB mutants were isolated, and although growth on limiting amounts of ammonium was similar in the mutant and wild-type strains, the mutants were unable to transport [14C]methylammonium. 相似文献
989.
BACKGROUND: To maintain good exposure during major video-assisted thoracic surgery it is necessary to deflate completely the ipsilateral lung. However, little is known about the effects of one-lung ventilation (OLV) on pulmonary function in newborn patients. METHODS: Ten neonatal domestic pigs with a mean age of 6+/-0.6 days were intubated and ventilated in pressure-controlled mode (inspired oxygen fraction=1.0). One-lung ventilation was maintained for 120 minutes. Serial measurements of hemodynamics and gas exchange were done before, during, and until 90 minutes after OLV. Pulmonary function testing was performed before and after OLV for each lung separately. RESULTS: With the inspired oxygen fraction set at 1.0, arterial oxygen saturation remained stable at 100% during OLV. Venous admixture and alveolar-arterial oxygen tension gradient increased slightly from the baseline value of 2.6% +/-0.3% to 3.8%+/-0.3% during OLV (mean+/-standard error of the mean; p=0.02), and from 358+/-28 to 407+/-18 mm Hg (not significant), respectively. Both values returned to baseline during the subsequent ventilation of both lungs. Static compliance and resistance of the ventilated lung did not change. Compliance of the collapsed lung decreased after reexpansion from 0.42+/-0.07 to 0.29+/-0.06 mL x cm H2O(-1) x kg(-1), p=0.008). Resistance remained unchanged (0.22+/-0.02 versus 0.25+/-0.05 cm H2O x L(-1) x s(-1); not significant). CONCLUSIONS: There were only minor effects on pulmonary function during and after OLV in the neonatal piglet. Alterations in gas exchange during OLV were minimal. Prolonged collapse of the lung with subsequent reexpansion was associated with a slight decrease in compliance, indicating some mild lung injury. 相似文献
990.
Berninger Virginia W.; Vaughan Katherine; Abbott Robert D.; Brooks Allison; Abbott Sylvia P.; Rogan Laura; Reed Elizabeth; Graham Steve 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,90(4):587
Poor spellers in 2nd grade (n?=?128) participated in 24 20-min sessions that included (a) direct instruction in the alphabet principle (most frequent phoneme-spelling connections); (b) modeling of different approaches, singly and in combination, for developing connections between spoken and written words for 48 words ordered by sound-spelling predictability; and (c) practice in composing. Results of this multilayered intervention showed that (a) more than 1 way of developing sound-spelling connections is effective in teaching spelling but that after training in the alphabet principle, combining whole word and onset-rime training is most effective in achieving transfer of the alphabet principle across word contexts; (b) functional spelling units of not only a single letter but also 2 or more letters are important in beginning spelling; and (c) training in spelling transfers to composition and word recognition. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献