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101.
Kazuhiro Yamamoto Satoshi Inoue Hiroshi Yamashita Daisuke Shimokuri Satoru Ishizuka Yoshiaki Onuma 《亚洲传热研究》2006,35(7):501-512
We have investigated turbulent combustion by PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) technique. Comparing with LDV data, the validity of PIV measurements has been confirmed. Particularly, the conditions of sampling number and spatial resolution have been shown to yield reliable data using PIV. Based on the velocity fields in cold flow and combustion, the interaction between flame and flow has been discussed. It was observed that the flow field is changed by combustion and the turbulence is reduced. In order to determine statistical quantities such as mean velocity and RMS of velocity fluctuation, a sampling number of 1000 is needed. Moreover, the velocity correlation coefficient was evaluated to obtain the integral length scale of the flow. For both cold flow and combustion, the PIV estimated scale is very close to that of LDV based on the assumption of Taylor's hypothesis. As a result, the spatial resolution in this study is about 6 times smaller than the integral length scale. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res, 35(7): 501–512, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/htj.20129 相似文献
102.
Preparation and properties of CuInS2 thin film prepared from electroplated precursor 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
Yoshio Onuma Kenji Takeuchi Sumihiro Ichikawa Yasunari Suzuki Ryo Fukasawa Daisuke Matono Kenji Nakamura Masao Nakazawa Koji Takei 《Solar Energy》2006,80(1):132-138
Thin CuInS2 films were prepared by sulfurization of Cu/In bi-layers. First, the precursor layer was electroplated onto the treated surface of Mo-coated glass. Observation of the cross-section prepared by focused ion beam (FIB) etching revealed that the void-free film was initially formed on the top surface of the precursor layer and continued to grow until the advancing front of the film reached the Mo layer. The nucleation of voids near the bottom of the CuInS2 film followed. To determine whether the condition of the Cu/In alloy influences the CuInS2 quality we investigated the Cu/In alloy state using FIB. We found that the annealed precursor of low Cu/In ratio (1.2) has several voids in the mid position in the layer compared with Cu-rich precursor (1.6). The cross-sectional view of the Cu-rich absorber layer is uniform compared with the low copper absorber layer. Thin film solar cells were fabricated using the CuInS2 film (Cu/In ratio: 1.2) as an optical absorber layer. It was found that the optimization of a sulfurization period is important in order to improve the cell efficiency. We have not yet obtained good results with high Cu-rich absorber because of a blister problem. This blister was found before sulfurization. So, we are going to solve this blister problem before sulfurization. 相似文献
103.
Satoru Yamamoto Daisuke Niiyama Byeong Rog Shin 《International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer》2004,47(26):774-5792
Natural convection around a horizontal circular pipe coupled with heat conduction in the solid structure is numerically investigated using a preconditioning method for solving incompressible and compressible Navier–Stokes equations. In this method, fundamental equations are completely reduced to an equation of heat conduction when the flow field is static (zero velocity). Therefore, not only compressible flows but also very slow flows such as natural convection in a flow field and heat conduction in a static field can be simultaneously calculated using the same computational algorithm. In this study, we first calculated the compressible flow around a NACA0012 airfoil with conduction in the airfoil and then simulated natural convections around a horizontal circular pipe with a different heat conductivity. Finally, we numerically investigated the effect of heat conductivity of the pipe on natural convection. 相似文献
104.
Kameyama S Imaki M Hirano Y Ueno S Kawakami S Sakaizawa D Kimura T Nakajima M 《Applied optics》2011,50(14):2055-2068
A feasibility study is carried out on a 1.6 μm continuous-wave modulation laser absorption spectrometer system for measurement of global CO(2)concentration from a satellite. The studies are performed for wavelength selection and both systematic and random error analyses. The systematic error in the differential absorption optical depth (DAOD) is mainly caused by the temperature estimation error, surface pressure estimation error, altitude estimation error, and ON wavelength instability. The systematic errors caused by unwanted backscattering from background aerosols and dust aerosols can be reduced to less than 0.26% by using a modulation frequency of around 200 kHz, when backscatter coefficients of these unwanted backscattering have a simple profile on altitude. The influence of backscattering from cirrus clouds is much larger than that of dust aerosols. The transmission power required to reduce the random error in the DAOD to 0.26% is determined by the signal-to-noise ratio and the carrier-to-noise ratio calculations. For a satellite altitude of 400 km and receiving aperture diameter of 1 m, the required transmission power is approximately 18 W and 70 W when albedo is 0.31 and 0.08, respectively; the total measurement time in this case is 4 s, which corresponds to a horizontal resolution of 28 km. 相似文献
105.
Daisuke Watanabe Keishi Nishio Yoshio Sakka Masataka Ohgaki Ian J. Davies Tomohiro Umeda Seiichiro Koda Kiyoshi Itatani 《Journal of Materials Science》2011,46(6):1956-1962
High-density β-calcium orthophosphate (β-Ca3(PO4)2, also called β-tricalcium phosphate: β-TCP) ceramics with submicrometer-sized grains were fabricated using a pulse-current
pressure firing route. The maximum relative density of the β-TCP compacts was 98.7% at 1050 °C and this was accompanied by
a translucent appearance. The mean grain size of the β-TCP compacts increased slightly with temperature to reach 0.78 μm at 1000 °C. However, upon further increasing the firing
temperature to 1050 °C the mean grain size increased significantly to 1.6 μm. The extent of plastic deformation during tensile
testing was examined at temperatures between 900 and 1100 °C using a strain rate in the range 9.26 × 10−5 to 4.44 × 10−4 s−1. The maximum tensile strain achieved was 145% for a test temperature of 1000 °C and strain rate of 1.48 × 10−4 s−1 and this was attributed to the relatively high density and small grain size. 相似文献
106.
Synthesis of non-equilibrium phases in immiscible metals mechanically mixed by high pressure torsion
Tatsuya Miyazaki Daisuke Terada Yoji Miyajima Challapalli Suryanarayana Reiko Murao Yoshihiko Yokoyama Kazumasa Sugiyama Minoru Umemoto Yoshikazu Todaka Nobuhiro Tsuji 《Journal of Materials Science》2011,46(12):4296-4301
The structural changes in mechanically mixed metals of immiscible combinations of elements caused by bulk mechanical alloying
(MA) through the use of high pressure torsion (HPT) were investigated in Ag–Ni and Nb–Zr systems. There was no alloying between
Ag and Ni on atomic scale even after 100 rotations of HPT. On the other hand, the β-Zr phase started to appear after HPT 2
rotations in the Nb–Zr system, even though β-Zr is a high temperature phase. Further, Nb and Zr were completely mixed to form
a bcc structured single phase after HPT 100 rotations. The sequence of alloying in the Nb–Zr system during HPT was discussed.
These results clearly suggest that non-equilibrium phases can form in the Nb–Zr system by bulk MA by the use of HPT. 相似文献
107.
Dhinesh Babu Velusamy Richard Hahnkee Kim Kazuto Takaishi Tsuyoshi Muto Daisuke Hashizume Soyoon Lee Masanobu Uchiyama Tetsuya Aoyama Jean-Charles Ribierre Cheolmin Park 《Organic Electronics》2014,15(11):2719-2727
Polymer ferroelectric-gate field effect transistors (Fe-FETs) employing ferroelectric polymer thin films as gate insulators are highly attractive as a next-generation non-volatile memory. For minimizing gate leakage current of a device which arises from electrically defective ferroelectric polymer layer in particular at low operation voltage, the materials design of interlayers between the ferroelectric insulator and gate electrode is essential. Here, we introduce a new solution-processed interlayer of conductive reduced graphene oxides (rGOs) modified with a conjugated block copolymer, poly(styrene-block-paraphenylene) (PS-b-PPP). A FeFET with a solution-processed p-type oligomeric semiconducting channel and ferroelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-trifluoroethylene) (PVDF-TrFE) insulator exhibited characteristic source–drain current hysteresis arising from ferroelectric polarization switching of a PVDF-TrFE insulator. Our PS-b-PPP modified rGOs (PMrGOs) with conductive moieties embedded in insulating polymer matrix not only significantly reduced the gate leakage current but also efficiently lowered operation voltage of the device. In consequence, the device showed large memory gate voltage window and high ON/OFF source–drain current ratio with excellent data retention and read/write cycle endurance. Furthermore, our PMrGOs interlayers were successfully employed to FeFETs fabricated on mechanically flexible substrates with promising non-volatile memory performance under repetitive bending deformation. 相似文献
108.
Nano Molecular‐Platform: A Protocol to Write Energy Transmission Program Inside a Molecule for Bio‐Inspired Supramolecular Engineering 下载免费PDF全文
Subrata Ghosh Mrinal Dutta Satyajit Sahu Daisuke Fujita Anirban Bandyopadhyay 《Advanced functional materials》2014,24(10):1364-1371
In a coded self‐assembly, a simple code is written in the molecule, which self‐assembles the molecules into a fractal like structure, which acts as a seed for the next step. As the molecule turns into a complex seed, the code transforms into another form and several seeds self‐assemble into another structure, which acts as a seed for the next step. Until now, this technology was considered as a prerogative of nature. Here, a dendritic network is used to write a basic code by synthetically attaching 32 molecular rotors and doping two controller molecules in its cavity. The code live, which is an energy transmission path in the molecule, is imaged. When the energy transmission path or code is triggered, a series of products generate one after another spontaneously. Two examples are: i) dendritic seed (5–6 nm)→paired nanowire (≈12 nm)→nanowire (≈200 nm)→microwire (500 nm)→wire like rod (1–2 μm)→jelly→rectangular sheet (5 μm). ii) dendritic seed→nano‐sphere (20 nm)→micro‐sphere (500 nm)→large balls(1 μm)→oval shape rod (5–10 μm)→Y, L or T shaped rod assembly. The energy level interactions are tracked using spectroscopy how exactly a directed energy transfer code generates multi‐step synthesis from nano to the visible scale. 相似文献
109.
Ayami Saga Masahiro Koseki Kotaro Kanno Jiuyang Chang Tomoaki Higo Daisuke Okuzaki Takeshi Okada Hiroyasu Inui Masumi Asaji Katsunao Tanaka Takashi Omatsu Sae Nishihara Yinghong Zhu Kaori Ito Hiroaki Hattori Ikuyo Ichi Yoshihiro Kamada Masafumi Ono Toshiji Saibara Tohru Ohama Shungo Hikoso Makoto Nishida Shizuya Yamashita Yasushi Sakata 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(24)
Patients with psoriasis are at a higher risk of developing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. We previously identified an oxidized derivative of cholesterol, 7-ketocholesterol (7KC), in diet-induced steatohepatitic mice. Here, we investigated whether 7KC exacerbates psoriasis-like dermatitis by accelerating steatohepatitis in mice. A high-fat/high-cholesterol/high-sucrose/bile salt diet (nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) diet) with or without 0.0125% 7KC was fed to C57BL/6 mice (7KC or control group) for three weeks to induce steatohepatitis. A 5% imiquimod cream was then applied to the ears and dorsal skin for four days to induce psoriasis-like dermatitis. Hepatic lipid accumulation and inflammatory cell infiltration were exacerbated in the 7KC group compared with the control group after three weeks. Serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels were also elevated in the 7KC group (108.5 ± 9.8 vs. 83.1 ± 13.1 pg/mL, p < 0.005). Imiquimod cream increased the psoriasis area severity index (PASI) score in mice in the 7KC group (9.14 ± 0.75 vs. 5.17 ± 1.17, p < 0.0001). Additionally, Tnfa, Il23a, Il17a, and Il22 mRNA levels in the dorsal lesion were significantly upregulated. Finally, Th17 cell differentiation and the TNF signaling pathway were enhanced in the dorsal lesions and liver of mice in the 7KC group. These data suggest that steatohepatitis and psoriasis are linked by a potent, diet-related factor. 相似文献
110.
Tatsunari Ohkubo Takaaki Shiina Kayoko Kawaguchi Daisuke Sasaki Rena Inamasu Yue Yang Zhuoqi Li Keizaburo Taninaka Masaki Sakaguchi Shoko Fujimura Hiroshi Sekiguchi Masahiro Kuramochi Tatsuya Arai Sakae Tsuda Yuji C. Sasaki Kazuhiro Mio 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(23)
Membrane proteins play important roles in biological functions, with accompanying allosteric structure changes. Understanding intramolecular dynamics helps elucidate catalytic mechanisms and develop new drugs. In contrast to the various technologies for structural analysis, methods for analyzing intramolecular dynamics are limited. Single-molecule measurements using optical microscopy have been widely used for kinetic analysis. Recently, improvements in detectors and image analysis technology have made it possible to use single-molecule determination methods using X-rays and electron beams, such as diffracted X-ray tracking (DXT), X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) imaging, and cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). High-speed atomic force microscopy (HS-AFM) is a scanning probe microscope that can capture the structural dynamics of biomolecules in real time at the single-molecule level. Time-resolved techniques also facilitate an understanding of real-time intramolecular processes during chemical reactions. In this review, recent advances in membrane protein dynamics visualization techniques were presented. 相似文献