The morphology of rigid-rod polymers and molecular composites resulting from coagulation processing

The effects of processing conditions on the morphology of molecular composite films are examined by optical and electron microscopy. During coagulation processing from solutions in methanesulfonic acid (MSA), rigid-rod polymer, such as poly(p-phenylenebenzobisoxazole) (PBO), phase separates into undesirable aggregates. The coagulant and the method of its introduction have been found to exert a strong impact on the final film morphology. A quench of a PBO solution in MSA into a water bath results in a three dimensional interconnected network of PBO, while a slower introduction of water results in a more amorphous material. A computer simulation program of the coagulation process has been developed to better understand the different structures emerging from coagulation processing of molecular composites. The simulation results are in qualitative agreement with the experimental observations.     

Memory knowledge and memory monitoring in adulthood.

Age differences in 2 specific processing dimensions of metamemory, namely memory knowledge and memory monitoring, were examined. Young and old Ss recalled lists of words paired with letter, rhyme, and meaning cues over 2 trials. On both trials, Ss made predictions of recall likelihood on presentation of each word-cue pair. No age differences in initial predictions (i.e., prior memory knowledge) were apparent, whereas age-based performance differences were observed. On Trial 2, both young and old Ss significantly revised their predictions; however, old adults monitored only global discrepancies between previous expectation and performance. Young adults raised and lowered expectations across cue types in accordance with their previous performance. Age differences in processing speed accounted for some but not all of the memory-monitoring differences. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Application of a Compaction Simulator to the Design of a High-Dose Tablet Formulation. Part I

The compaction properties of an investigational drug are studied by the use of a compaction simulator. The effects of punch velocity over the range of 30-640 mm^-1 on the compaction properties of the pure drug and a variety of formulas incorporating a high dose of the active compound have been investigated. The data were analyzed by applying the Heckel equation. The pure drug was found to have a high yield pressure at a relatively low punch velocity of 31 mm^-1. As the punch velocity was increased there was a decrease in crushing strength, primarily as a result of increasing yield pressure. These findings indicate that the pure drug predominantly consolidated by fragmentation and elastic deformation, with a slow plastically deforming component. The information obtained on the consolidation mechanism of the pure drug and, subsequently, on model formulas were instrumental in the design and selection of a robust formula and granulation process. The advantages of conducting dosage form design and characterization studies during the early phase of tablet formulation using means such as a compaction simulator are emphasized in this investigation.     

Accounting for the use of behavior technologies in social psychology.

Considerable scholarly effort in social psychology is devoted to the development of techniques that change behavior. In this article, the social and political forces that have guided the development of these techniques are examined. Also, ethical and psychological issues associated with the use of behavior technologies are discussed. These issues arise from the fact that to change behavior, it must first be controlled. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)