定向随钻扩孔技术在塔河油田TH10233CH井的应用

受地层及地质避水要求等限制,塔河油田部分φ177.8 mm套管开窗侧钻水平井采用膨胀管复杂地层封堵钻井技术,该技术实施的关键是对复杂泥岩进行扩孔作业。对已实施的5口膨胀管井的扩孔作业进行分析,通过优选开窗侧钻井井斜角、随钻扩孔钻头和中、高速大扭矩螺杆,优化定向随钻扩孔钻井参数及深井小井眼定向随钻测量技术,TH10233CH井在5 542.66~5 884.00 m井段进行了定向随钻扩孔。扩孔段长341.34 m,最大井斜62°,井径满足膨胀管下入和膨胀大于165 mm的要求,保证了膨胀管复杂地层封堵技术在TH10233CH井的成功应用,为塔河油田同类井实施该技术提供了经验。     

Evaluation of Permittivity and Thickness Gaging for Anisotropic Dielectric Coatings by the Method of Surface Electromagnetic Waves

Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing - The widespread use of anisotropic composite dielectric coatings operating in the microwave range in various science-intensive areas has led to the search...     

Force Analysis of Reciprocating Rotary Planetary Mechanism with Elliptical Gears

Russian Engineering Research - Reciprocating rotary motion of the impeller in a mixer is produced by a planetary mechanism with elliptical gears. The forces in the planetary mechanism are analyzed....     

0～5mm矿山废石细度模数对混凝土的影响

本文在普通天然石混凝土中掺入不同细度模数0～5mm矿山废石,通过比较混凝土的工作性能和力学性能,确定了粗、细0～5mm矿山废石的最佳搭配比例。试验结果表明,细度模数为2.7的0～5mm矿山废石混凝土各项指标满足实际工程需要。     

Optimization of single and mixed cultures for solid state fermentation of municipal sewage sludge

Trichoderma harzianum (Th), Phanerochaete chrysosporium ATCC 24725 (Pc) and Mucor hiemalis (Mh) isolated from three sources: wastewater; sewage sludge; and sludge cake were selected for use as compatible/incompatible single and mixed cultures in the treatment of municipal sewage sludge. Five experiments were carried out using (Pc), (Th), a mixture of (Pc/Th), (Mh) and a mixture of (Pc/Mh), in addition to a control where no micro‐organism was used. The experiments were used to evaluate their potential performance as compatible/incompatible single and mixed cultures for the treatment of municipal wastewater sewage sludge from treatment plants using solid state fermentation technique (SSF). The results showed that the best micro‐organism for composting was found to be (Th) and a mixture of (Pc/Th), while (Pc/Mh) was incompatible culture. The C/N ratio for Th changed from 8.46 to 17.8 at the end of the process, (Ph/Th) increased from 7.21 to 15.9, while (Pc/Mh) increased from 8.49 to 29. The pH value also affected by the fungal cultures which was also changed for (Th) from 4.29 to 6.8, for (Pc/Th) was changed from 7.27 to 6.7 and for (Pc/Mh) was changed from 6.6 to 5.3. Effective results were observed by using mixed culture after 19–21 days compared to other single treatments after 24–32 days.     

The Difficulties of Designing Future Coastlines in the Face of Climate Change

This paper adopts two perspectives. The first is a framing process aimed at defining and examining the conditions for adopting adaptive coastal governance. The second applies to relevant themes of changing coastal policy, central to the testing of adaptive coastal governance, namely cooperative science, risk-sensitive planning, socially fair insurance cover and effective ways to design, finance and engage with local communities over actual coastal change. We illuminate both missions through case studies in North Norfolk (England) and Portugal, all notably affected by coastal change. In England and Portugal, there is a broad understanding and acceptance of the likely effects of climate change. This recognition encourages debates over risk-averse planning, the design of proactive insurance cover, creative relocation of endangered property and new ways of predicting and paying for coastal adjustment. Yet, moving from a basic willingness to engage with coastal change to actual practices of landscape adjustment through such policy shifts is proving very difficult. In this research, we find that coastal landscapes are lived experiences, resigned acceptances of inevitable change and hopeful imaginings. Coastal management institutions are not geared to resolving this incompatibility and this paper explains why.     

Towards occupant-centric simulation-aided building design: a case study

ABSTRACT

This paper aims at illustrating the importance of occupant modelling for decision-making during the building design process. It identifies the energy implications of conventional ways of modelling occupants for the design of office buildings. Furthermore, it presents a step towards bridging the gap between the research efforts and conventional practices within the field of building performance simulation (BPS) aided design. The paper first describes occupant-related assumptions that were made during the design process of a case study office building, obtained via stakeholder interviews. Then, the impact of these assumptions on the design decisions is examined through a simulation-based investigation. The stakeholder interviews revealed that professionals from each design discipline made significantly different assumptions about occupants. The simulation results showed that assumptions about occupants and their behaviour impacted predicted energy savings of some design decisions by a factor of five or more.     

Estimation of soil properties of shallow landslide source areas by dynamic penetration tests: first outcomes from Northern Tuscany (Italy)

In Northern Tuscany (Italy) rapid, shallow landslides often cause casualties and severe damage. Aimed at contributing to the characterisation of the source areas of rapid, shallow landslides, this paper deals with the geotechnical parameterisation of the mainly involved soil by means of dynamic penetration tests. The source areas are usually located in difficult access sites, where boring and undisturbed sampling are very hard and onerous. Therefore, the results of 177 dynamic penetration tests were analysed, including dynamic probing (DP) tests and standard penetration tests (SPT). The results of these tests were related to relative density D _r and friction angle Φ′ of the soil by means of empirical equations. The distribution and variability of these parameters were analysed and related to soil type, test type and probing depth. The D _r and Φ′ values coming from the DP and SPT tests were found to be comparable. The Φ′ values coming from DP tests and direct shear tests showed an acceptable correlation, confirming the utility of the DP tests. The DP test can thus be an effective tool in the estimation of the properties of potentially unstable soil slope covers.     

Pseudo stir bar sorptive microextraction fiber using nanoparticles reinforcedsol–gel for the determination of Co(II) and Cd(II) ions in wastewaters

In this work a newly semi polar extraction phase of carboxylated multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs) reinforced sol-gel immobilized polypropylene hollow fiber was prepared by low temperature hydrothermal process. It is coupled with flame atomic absorption spectroscopy was employed in the extraction and determination of cobalt and cadmium ions in wastewaters. The main factors influencing the pre-concentration and extraction of the metal ions have been examined in detail. Detection limits obtained in this way for Co(II) and Cd(II) ions were 0.0186 and 0.024 ng mL^?1, respectively.     

Maternal Flaxseed Oil During Lactation Enhances Bone Development in Male Rat Pups

Flaxseed oil is an alpha linolenic acid source important in the growth and body development stage; furthermore, this acid acts on adipose tissue and bone health. The aim of this study was to evaluate body composition, fatty acid composition, hormone profile, retroperitoneal adipocyte area and femur structure of pups at weaning, whose mothers were fed a diet containing flaxseed oil during lactation. After birth, pups were randomly assigned: control (C, n = 12) and flaxseed oil (FO, n = 12), rats whose mothers were treated with diet containing soybean or flaxseed oil. At 21 days, the pups were weaned and body mass, length, body composition, biochemical parameter, leptin, osteoprotegerin, osteocalcin, fatty acids composition, intra‐abdominal fat mass and femur structure were analyzed. FO showed (p < 0.05): higher body mass (+12 %) and length (+9 %); body fat mass (g, +45 %); bone mineral density (+8 %), bone mineral content (+55 %) and bone area (+35 %), osteocalcin (+173 %) and osteoprotegerin (+183 %). Arachidonic acid was lower (p < 0.0001), alpha‐linolenic and eicosapentaenoic were higher (p < 0.0001). Intra‐abdominal fat mass was higher (+25 %), however, the retroperitoneal adipocytes area was lower (?44 %). Femur mass (+10 %), distance between epiphyses (+4 %) and bone mineral density (+13 %) were higher. The study demonstrates that adequate flaxseed oil content during a lactation diet plays an important role in the development of pups.