我国天然气城市输配气运营行业投资机会研究

本文对我国城市燃气的历史、现状、存在的问题、城市燃气产业政策、市场前景、已进入企业的经营状况以及进入模式、投入与产出、风险因素等进行了较系统的分析,认为我国天然气城市输配气运营行业是一个值得投资的行业。     

我国纳米涂料的研究进展与产业化现状

综述了我国纳米涂料工业科学研究的最新进展,分析了我国纳米涂料产业化的现状和存在的问题.研究认为,我国在纳米涂料的概念、标准、生产技术、研究领域等方面还存在问题,制约了我国纳米涂料的研究与产业化发展.提出了我国纳米涂料研究与产业化的建议.     

Identifying the Effect of Tidal Height on Offshore Wind Speed Profiles

The rise and fall of the sea surface due to the tide effectively moves an offshore wind turbine hub through the wind shear profile. Offshore wind farms are being built around the coasts of Europe, including in the Baltic and the North Sea. Tidal ranges in the North Sea are greater than those in the Baltic, and the potential effect on the wind shear profile of the change in sea surface height is likely to be more significant. This article seeks to identify the effect of tidal height on the shear profile at a mast off the east coast of the UK where the maximum tidal range is 7 m. Definite evidence for the effect of tidal height on wind shear is presented, though the effect is small and there is considerable scatter in the data. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

聚乳酸纤维练染性能探讨

聚乳酸纤维采用天然糖发酵产物作单体，经聚合纺丝而成。本文着重介绍聚乳酸纤维的特性，及与棉纤维混纺织物的各种练漂、染色方法，以及染色后的各项牢度水平和检测方法，并推荐了适用于聚乳酸纤维染色的染料。     

Regulatory perspective on characterization and testing of orthopedic bone cements

This paper provides a general regulatory background of acrylic bone cements, chemical composition information on several commercially available bone cements, physical and chemical methods of analyses, mechanical test methods, and risks and failure mechanisms of acrylic bone cements. Suggestions and recommendations presented in Tables 2 and 3 are not mandatory requirements but reflect data and methodologies which the FDA's Orthopedic Devices Branch (ORDB) believes to be acceptable to evaluate most pre-clinical data. FDA may require information in addition to that contained in this paper. In some instances, a sponsor may be able to sufficiently justify the omission of some tests. Although this paper describes certain administrative requirements, it does not take the place of the requirements contained in Title 21 of the Code of Federal Regulations (21 CFR) Parts 801, 807, 812, and 814 or those found in the statute.     

Mass spectrometry imaging under ambient conditions

Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) has emerged as an important tool in the last decade and it is beginning to show potential to provide new information in many fields owing to its unique ability to acquire molecularly specific images and to provide multiplexed information, without the need for labeling or staining. In MSI, the chemical identity of molecules present on a surface is investigated as a function of spatial distribution. In addition to now standard methods involving MSI in vacuum, recently developed ambient ionization techniques allow MSI to be performed under atmospheric pressure on untreated samples outside the mass spectrometer. Here we review recent developments and applications of MSI emphasizing the ambient ionization techniques of desorption electrospray ionization (DESI), laser ablation electrospray ionization (LAESI), probe electrospray ionization (PESI), desorption atmospheric pressure photoionization (DAPPI), femtosecond laser desorption ionization (fs‐LDI), laser electrospray mass spectrometry (LEMS), infrared laser ablation metastable‐induced chemical ionization (IR‐LAMICI), liquid microjunction surface sampling probe mass spectrometry (LMJ‐SSP MS), nanospray desorption electrospray ionization (nano‐DESI), and plasma sources such as the low temperature plasma (LTP) probe and laser ablation coupled to flowing atmospheric‐pressure afterglow (LA‐FAPA). Included are discussions of some of the features of ambient MSI for example the ability to implement chemical reactions with the goal of providing high abundance ions characteristic of specific compounds of interest and the use of tandem mass spectrometry to either map the distribution of targeted molecules with high specificity or to provide additional MS information on the structural identification of compounds. We also describe the role of bioinformatics in acquiring and interpreting the chemical and spatial information obtained through MSI, especially in biological applications for tissue diagnostic purposes. Finally, we discuss the challenges in ambient MSI and include perspectives on the future of the field. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc., Mass Spec Rev 32:218–243, 2013     

我国城市天然气输配设备市场前景分析与容量测算

在我国天然气工业进入快速发展通道的背景下,天然气产业链相关环节都将面临巨大的发展机遇。城市天然气消费是天然气下游消费的重要组成部分,随着长输管线将消费能力较强的东南部城市联结起来,城市燃气运营特许专营权争夺已如火如荼的展开,与此同时运营商必然要履行承诺为城市用户提供天然气,而这一切的基础就是城市输配气管网体系的建设。因此,城市天然气输配设备制造业将面临巨大的发展潜力。本文通过分析影响输配设备需求的4个最主要的因素,包括用气城市数量、用气人口、管网密度、单位长度管网投资,并在一定的假设条件的基础上,测算了我国初步建立较完整的天然气城市输配管网体系所需要的最低投资量,以期为政府、企业提供一定的参考。     

我国城市输配气运营投资机会研究

按照国家天然气发展规划，在产业政策方面，计划在2005年将天然气发展到140个城市，2010年增加到270个城市，21世纪中叶全国65%的城市将通上天然气。同时，城市燃气市场进入方式已有了根本改变，即实行特许经营制，这将会加快民营资本与外资的进入步伐；需求方面，由于天然气已逐渐成为民用能源市场上较便宜的品种，长输管道已连接了气源与东部能源消费旺盛的城市，且由于城市化进程的不断加快、城市居民收入水平的提高和生活方式的改变等都会促进天然气的消费。巨大的城市供气管网建设投资是城市燃气发展的瓶颈，但目前较高的接驳费收入以及相应的政府扶持政策基本上缓解了这一矛盾。在国家大力推进城市能源向天然气过渡的过程中，只要城市输配气运营企业能处理好可能发生的一些风险因素，就能获得可观的收益。