Modeling the temperature-dependent mode I fracture behavior of adhesively bonded joints

An ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) rubber film has been used as an inhibitor and insulation in solid rocket motors (SRMs) due to its excellent heat-insulating property. EPDM is wrapped on the surface of the grain layer-by-layer via an adhesive; thus, the adhesive property between EPDM films is one of the key factors that influence the structural integrity of an SRM. The adhesive properties are largely temperature dependent, therefore, it is essential to study the effect of temperature on the properties of the bonding interface between EPDM films. In this article, double cantilever sandwich beam (DCSB) and uniaxial tensile experiments were performed to study the temperature-dependent mode I fracture of the bonding interface, in the service temperature range of the SRMs. A comparison of experimental and numerical results obtained using experimental parameters indicates that the fracture parameters determined by the simple beam theory (SBT) and the compliance-based beam method (CBBM) are not accurate. Next, we obtained accurate parameters using an inverse analysis method. Moreover, we made an initial attempt to establish a temperature-dependent cohesive zone model to predict the temperature-dependent fracture behavior of adhesively bonded joints. Good agreement between experimental and numerical results demonstrates that this temperature-dependent model is applicable.     

Influence of nanoparticle concentrations on flow boiling heat transfer coefficients of Al2O3/R141b in micro heat exchanger by direct metal laser sintering

Al2O3/R141b+Span-80 nanorefrigerant for 0.05 wt.% to 0.4 wt.% is prepared by ultrasonic vibration to investi-gate the influence of nanoparticle concentrations on flow boiling heat transfer of Al2O3/R141b+Span-80 in micro heat exchanger by direct metal laser sintering.Experimental results show that nanoparticle concentrations have significantly impact on heat transfer coefficients by homogeneity test of variances according to mathemat-ical statistics.The heat transfer performance of Al2O3/R141b+Span-80 nanorefrigerant is enhanced after adding nanoparticles in the pure refrigerant R141b.The heat transfer coefficients of 0.05 wt.%,0.1 wt.%,0.2 wt.%,0.3 wt.% and 0.4 wt.% Al2O3/R141b+Span-80 nanorefrigerant respectively increase by 55.0%,72.0%,53.0%,42.3% and 39.9% compared with the pure refrigerant R141b.The particle fluxes from viscosity gradient,non-uniform shear rate and Brownian motion cause particles to migrate in fluid especially in the process of flow boiling.This mi-gration motion enhances heat transfer between nanoparticles and fluid.Therefore,the heat transfer performance of nanofluid is enhanced. It is important to note that the heat transfer coefficients nonlinearly increase with nanoparticle concentrations increasing.The heat transfer coefficients reach its maximum value at the mass concentration of 0.1% and then it decreases slightly.There exists an optimal mass concentration corresponding to the best heat transfer enhancement. The reason for the above phenomenon is attributed to nanoparticles deposition on the minichannel wall by Scanning Electron Microscopy observation.The channel surface wettability increases during the flow boiling experiment in the mass concentration range from 0.2 wt.% to 0.4 wt.%.The channel surface with wettability increasing needs more energy to produce a bubble.Therefore,the heat transfer coefficients decrease with nanoparticle concentrations in the range from 0.2 wt.% to 0.4 wt.%.In addition,a new correlation has been proposed by fitting the experimental data considering the influence of mass concentrations on the heat trans-fer performance.The new correlation can effectively predict the heat transfer coefficient.     

Zero thermal expansion in cubic MgZrF6

Isotropic zero thermal expansion (ZTE) is rare but intriguing physical property in materials. Here, we report an isotropic ZTE property in a double ReO₃‐type compound of MgZrF₆, which exhibits a negligible value of coefficient of thermal expansion (α_l = ?7.94 × 10^?7 K^?1 (XRD), α_l = ?4.22 × 10^?7 K^?1 (dilatometry), 300‐675 K). The ZTE mechanism of MgZrF₆ is understood by the joint studies of temperature dependence of crystal structure and lattice dynamics. Interestingly, different magnitudes of atomic displacement parameters (ADPs) for the fluorine atoms in MZrF₆ (M = Ca, Ni, Mg) are found. The strong temperature sensitivity of ADPs demonstrates intensive transverse thermal vibration of fluorine atoms, which contributes essentially to the negative thermal expansion of CaZrF₆. By contrast, for NiZrF₆ with positive thermal expansion, the temperature response of ADPs is weak. Moderate transverse thermal vibration takes place in MgZrF₆, and ZTE appears. Furthermore, lattice dynamics of MgZrF₆ is studied by temperature‐dependent Raman spectroscopy, which reveals the ZTE mechanism. In particular, the F_2g and A_g modes, corresponding to the bending and stretching vibrations of fluorine atoms, respectively, neither soften nor harden over the whole temperature range, which is correlated with the isotropic ZTE property of MgZrF₆.     

响应面法优化Ni-P/APO-11非晶态催化剂催化松节油加氢反应

以二异丙胺、氢氧化铝为原料,采用水热合成法制得APO-11磷酸铝分子筛。采用化学还原法制备非晶态Ni-P/APO-11催化剂用于α-蒎烯加氢反应,考察了α-蒎烯加氢反应条件,通过响应面法实现进一步优化,而后采用XRD、BET、SEM、XPS、ICP等对该催化剂进行了表征。结果显示,在反应温度124.8℃,反应压力4.9 MPa,催化剂用量6.3%,反应时间90 min时,α-蒎烯转化率为99.45%,顺式蒎烷选择性97.35%。为进一步拓宽该催化剂使用范围及提高松节油体系的深加工利用水平,将该催化剂用于松节油其他组分的加氢反应中,展现出良好的催化活性,原料转化率均可达到99%以上,选择性65%以上。     

以Na2SO4介质制备镁橄榄石轻质材料的性能研究

以天然镁橄榄石和Na2SO4为原料,采用树脂作为结合剂,将原料压制成型,分别经900、1 000、1 100℃保温10 h烧后,再经过蒸馏水洗盐处理,经110℃24 h烘干后制备了镁橄榄石轻质材料。检测了试样的体积密度、显气孔率及常温耐压强度,并利用XRD、SEM及EDS分析了原料的相组成和试样的显微结构。结果表明:随着烧成温度的升高,镁橄榄石烧结程度良好,在材料中形成骨架结构;当镁橄榄石与熔盐Na2SO4的理论质量比为1 1时,熔盐与镁橄榄石反应生成的MgO具有较完整的晶体形貌,晶粒尺寸大的约5μm,小的约1μm;当镁橄榄石与熔盐Na2SO4的理论质量比为1 1.3,在1 100℃烧后,经蒸馏水洗盐处理后的试样综合性能最佳,其显气孔率为56%,体积密度为1.3 g·cm-3,耐压强度为18 MPa。     

PP固相接枝GMA微观聚合动力学研究

基于聚丙烯(PP)固相接枝聚合的终止反应主要是自由基单基终止反应的假设提出相应的接枝聚合机理,并建立聚合速率模型。实验考察了PP接枝甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)体系单体浓度、引发剂浓度、聚合温度与聚合初期接枝速率的依赖关系。结果表明:初始聚合速率与单体浓度呈1.57次方、与引发剂浓度呈0.48次方关系,与聚合温度关系服从Arrhenius方程,并求得接枝反应的表观活化能Ea为86.63kJ/mol。     

应用型人才培养与物理化学实验教学改革

为了适应郴州有色金属行业发展的应用型人才培养需求,提高学生为当地经济和社会发展服务的能力,课题组对应用化学专业的物理化学实验进行了实践教学改革。以"会做人、会思考、有技能、有创新"为人才培养目标,倡导专业精神,厚实理论基础,转变基础示范,强化专业技术,并着力探索了分阶段的实践教学考核机制。实践教学改革显著提高了学生的积极性,并取得了良好的成效。     

EFFECT OF VIBRATION ON THE DRYING RATE DURING THE FALLING RATE PERIOD

The results of an experimental study on the drying characteristics in vibrated fluidized beds of corn plumule, silica gel and citric acid are presented. Application of vibration was found to enhance the drying rate during the falling rate period. In the optimum range of vibration parameters, the critical moisture content decreased significantly as compared with that in conventional fluidized beds of the same material.     

Study on the Improvement of Crystallization in HDPE Induced by High–Molecular-Weight Polyethylene Through Dynamic Packing Injection Molding

The effect of high–molecular-weight polyethylene (HMWPE) on crystal morphology was investigated for high-density polyethylene (HDPE) through dynamic packing injection molding (DPIM). With the aid of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wide-angle x-ray diffraction (WAXD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements, a typical web-like shish kebab morphology, which markedly increases stiffness and toughness, was found in HMWPE-induced samples through DPIM. The SEM results show that the much better web-like shish kebab structure, in which most of the lamellae connect different columns, compared with conventional shish kebab, was formed in HDPE blends with 4% HMWPE content (B4) through DPIM. The WAXD studies indicate that orientation degrees of crystallographic planes (110) and (200) in the B4 samples were much higher than those of samples molded by static packing injection molding and B0 samples molded by DPIM. A combination of the higher degree of crystal orientation and the formation of web-like shish kebab led to simultaneous great increments of stiffness and toughness, which overcomes the traditional limitation that stiffness and toughness cannot be greatly enhanced simultaneously. All these results show that HWMPE favored for great improvement of crystal structures in HDPE when its content is appropriate through DPIM.     

Effect of Vibration Extrusion on Mechanical Properties and Structure of HDPE/OMMT Nanocomposites

A vibration technique was applied in extrusion molding of HDPE 6100M/OMMT nanocomposites. The results from the study suggest that samples obtained by vibration extrusion were strengthened effectively. The maximum increase percentage of tensile strength at 180°C and 200°C reached 25.14% and 21.43% respectively. It was found from microscopic structures measured by DSC, WAXD and SEM that the crystalline grains of polyethylene matrix became fine, that the orientation degree of crystalline increased and that crystallinity became perfect under the vibration field. Moreover, vibration can make nano-OMMT disperse more homogeneously in the HDPE matrix.