Serial ATA Ⅱ中S参数和确定性抖动一致性测试

SATAⅡ频域测试 SATAⅡ规范要求大量的测试，包括电缆和连接器（无源物理层）的时域测试、发射机和接收机的时域测试、电缆和连接器（无源物理层）的频域测试、发射机和接收机的频域测试等等。其中发射机和接收机的频域测试又包括：     

Explaining Activities as Consistent Groups of Events

The Hierarchical Conditional Random Field (HCRF) model have been successfully applied to a number of image labeling problems, including image segmentation. However, existing HCRF models of image segmentation do not allow multiple classes to be assigned to a single region, which limits their ability to incorporate contextual information across multiple scales. At higher scales in the image, this representation yields an oversimplified model since multiple classes can be reasonably expected to appear within large regions. This simplified model particularly limits the impact of information at higher scales. Since class-label information at these scales is usually more reliable than at lower, noisier scales, neglecting this information is undesirable. To address these issues, we propose a new consistency potential for image labeling problems, which we call the harmony potential. It can encode any possible combination of labels, penalizing only unlikely combinations of classes. We also propose an effective sampling strategy over this expanded label set that renders tractable the underlying optimization problem. Our approach obtains state-of-the-art results on two challenging, standard benchmark datasets for semantic image segmentation: PASCAL VOC 2010, and MSRC-21.     

Bayesian generalized probability calculus for density matrices

One of the main concepts in quantum physics is a density matrix, which is a symmetric positive definite matrix of trace one. Finite probability distributions can be seen as a special case when the density matrix is restricted to be diagonal. We develop a probability calculus based on these more general distributions that includes definitions of joints, conditionals and formulas that relate these, including analogs of the Theorem of Total Probability and various Bayes rules for the calculation of posterior density matrices. The resulting calculus parallels the familiar “conventional” probability calculus and always retains the latter as a special case when all matrices are diagonal. We motivate both the conventional and the generalized Bayes rule with a minimum relative entropy principle, where the Kullbach-Leibler version gives the conventional Bayes rule and Umegaki’s quantum relative entropy the new Bayes rule for density matrices. Whereas the conventional Bayesian methods maintain uncertainty about which model has the highest data likelihood, the generalization maintains uncertainty about which unit direction has the largest variance. Surprisingly the bounds also generalize: as in the conventional setting we upper bound the negative log likelihood of the data by the negative log likelihood of the MAP estimator.     

Algorithms for Computing Sparse Shifts for Multivariate Polynomials

In this paper, we investigate the problem of finding t-sparse shifts for multivariate polynomials. Given a polynomial f∈ℱ[x ₁, x ₂, …, x _n ] of degree d, and a positive integer t, we consider the problem of representing f(x) as a ?-linear combination of the power products of u _i where u _i = x _i −b _i for some b _i ∈?, an extension of ℱ, for i = 1, …, n, i.e., f = ∑ _j F _j u ^αj , in which at most t of the F _j are non-zero. We provide sufficient conditions for uniqueness of sparse shifts for multivariate polynomials, prove tight bounds on the degree of the polynomial being interpolated in terms of the sparsity bound t and a bound on the size of the coefficients of the polynomial in the standard representation, and describe two new efficient algorithms for computing sparse shifts for a multivariate polynomial. Received: January 30, 1996; revised version: January 15, 2000     

Modelling electrical behaviour of nonuniform AlSi Schottky diodes

The heat-treated AlSi contacts show large nonuniformities and cannot be described by a one-dimensional theory. The authors partially succeed in describing circular Al/nSi contacts by a crude model: two diodes in parallel (the first central and circular, the second peripheral and annular). It was shown that only a part of the contact area is effective for samples treated at lower temperatures, due to the interfacial oxide layer. However, the contacts treated at 550°C seem to have more or less uniform electrical properties, despite large nonuniformities in the contact geometry. Moreover, the effective energy barrier of these contacts is little influenced by the preparation conditions, including the amount of Al available for AlSi interaction and the rate of cooling. These results may modify the present conception of the formation of the Al-doped layer at the AlSi interface.     

New Process for the Acid-Catalyzed Conversion of Cellulosic Biomass (AC3B) into Alkyl Levulinates and Other Esters Using a Unique One-Pot System of Reaction and Product Extraction

Abstract  

A one-pot system used for the chemical/catalytic conversion of cellulosic biomass, and the product extraction was developed. The latter phase was carried out by a distillation technique that combines a temperature-programmed heating with a vacuum level-programmed evacuation (technique of mild vacuum-assisted distillation, MVAD). No environmentally harmful solvent was used: only a high boiling paraffin (n-dodecane) was used to help distil the heavy products. The obtained liquid fractions (light and heavy fractions) could be used, after drying and removal of unused alcohol, for blending into gasoline or diesel/biodiesel. Two different conversion procedures were used: ethanolysis (direct acid-catalyzed conversion in ethanol medium) and a sequential procedure, the latter consisting of the “acid hydrolysis followed by the esterification of resulting acids with ethanol”. By using wood residues as raw material, the yields in ethyl levulinate and other by-products—with the only exception of diethyl ether (DEE), were quite similar for both procedures. The incorporation of some H-USY zeolite could significantly decrease the yield of DEE in the ethanolysis procedure. Reported results obtained with some other biomass feedstocks (particularly, switch grass) showed a good relationship between the product levulinate yield and the cellulose content of the raw material.     

Migration of mineral oil from party plates of recycled paperboard into foods: 1. Is recycled paperboard fit for the purpose? 2. Adequate testing procedure

Party plates made of recycled paperboard with a polyolefin film on the food contact surface (more often polypropylene than polyethylene) were tested for migration of mineral oil into various foods applying reasonable worst case conditions. The worst case was identified as a slice of fried meat placed onto the plate while hot and allowed to cool for 1 h. As it caused the acceptable daily intake (ADI) specified by the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) to be exceeded, it is concluded that recycled paperboard is generally acceptable for party plates only when separated from the food by a functional barrier. Migration data obtained with oil as simulant at 70°C was compared to the migration into foods. A contact time of 30 min was found to reasonably cover the worst case determined in food.