Application of ultrasonic waves in activation of microcrystalline cellulose

In this work, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) was activated with ultrasonic waves. The influences of ultrasonic treatment on the changes of supramolecular structures and morphology structure were studied by WAXS and SEM. The accessibility of the MCC was characterized by water retention value (WRV) and specific surficial area. The influence of ultrasonic treatment on the reactivity of MCC was investigated through the reaction of MCC being oxidized into 2,3‐diadehyde cellulose (DAC) by periodate sodium. The mechanism of the reactivity change of ultrasonically treated MCC was examined. The results showed that the degree of crystallinity of MCC decreased and the degree of polymerization showed little change after treatment with ultrasonic waves. The morphologial variation of the treated MCC was significant when compared with the untreated MCC, which contribute to the improvement of accessibility. The aldehyde content of DAC prepared from ultrasonically treated MCC was improved from 64.19 to 85.00%, indicating that the regioselective oxidation reactivity of MCC was significantly improved. The aldehyde content was found to first increase with time of ultrasonic treatment to a point, and then decrease as time progressed. In addition, the aldehyde content was found to increase with an increase in ultrasonic power. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

A disposable sensor based on immobilization of acetylcholinesterase to multiwall carbon nanotube modified screen-printed electrode for determination of carbaryl

A simple method has been devised for immobilization of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) covalent bonding to a multiwall carbon nanotube (MWNT)-cross-linked cellulose acetate composite on a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) and a sensitive and disposable amperometric sensor for rapid determination of carbaryl pesticide is proposed. The immobilized enzyme was preserved on this film because of the excellent biocompatibility and non-toxicity of cellulose acetate. Based on the inherent conductive properties of the MWNT, the immobilized AChE had greater affinity for ATCl and excellent catalytic effect in the hydrolysis of ATCl. MWNT improved the interface enzymatic hydrolysis reaction and increased the amperometric response of the sensor. Under optimum conditions, the inhibition of carbaryl on AChE increased linearly with the increasing concentration of carbaryl in two ranges, from 0.01 to 0.5 μg mL⁻¹ and from 2 to 20 μg mL⁻¹, with the correlation coefficients of 0.9985 and 0.9977, respectively. The detection limit was 0.004 μg mL⁻¹ taken as the concentration equivalent to 10% decrease in signal. The sensor showed acceptable stability, accuracy and could be fabricated in batches, thus it is economic and portable. This type of disposable enzyme-based amperometric sensor has extensive application potential in environmental monitoring of pesticides.     

Epoxidation of high trans‐1,4‐polyisoprene and its properties

A new organic‐solvent‐free water‐phase suspension method was used to synthesize partially epoxidized high trans‐1,4‐polyisoprene (TPI) to improve its properties, including oil resistance and wet‐skid resistance. The epoxidation was conducted in an aqueous peracetic acid solution and on the TPI granules prepared by a bulk precipitation method with supported titanium catalyst. The effects of the synthesis conditions, including reaction temperature, reaction time, and pH value, on the epoxy content were investigated. Epoxidized trans‐1,4‐polyisoprene (ETPI) with epoxy contents between 10 and 80% were obtained within 4 h. Both the amorphous and crystalline regions of TPI were epoxidized. The crystallization properties decreased with increasing epoxy content. ETPIs possessed lower mechanical properties than TPI but could be enhanced by vulcanization. The oil resistance and wet‐skid resistance were significantly improved after epoxidation. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

A-6A甲胺合成催化剂使用总结

安阳九天化工集团甲胺/DMF(二甲基甲酰胺)工程是河南省重点建设项目.装置采用先进的甲醇和液氨气相催化胺化法生产混甲胺.一期工程30 kt/a 甲胺/DMF装置于2003年10月建成投产,其合成催化剂选用的是上海石化研究院生产的A-6A甲胺合成催化剂,从投产到现在,合成催化剂共更换了4次,催化剂平均使用寿命为13个月,共生产混甲胺112 kt,达到国内领先水平.     

PBT冲击断口弧形形貌研究

分析了不同温度下聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)的断口形貌,总结了PBT断口弧形条纹的形貌特征,定量研究了弧形条纹数量、特征区尺寸及表面粗糙度的变化规律,并对其形成机理进行了探讨。结果表明:PBT断口弧形条纹可分为脆性弧形条纹和韧性弧形条纹;随温度的升高,PBT断口弧形条纹的数量越来越少,弧形条纹间的平均距离越来越大,弧形形貌的平均粗糙度逐渐减小。     

双柱塞砂浆泵中工作机构的设计和仿真研究

本文介绍了双柱塞砂浆泵的工作原理，根据机构替代原理建立起双柱塞砂浆泵工作机构的运动分析模型，然后在MatLab环境下，详细介绍了工作凸轮曲线的设计程序，利用计算机设计程序可以方便地分析工作缸活塞以及工作凸轮机构的位移、速度、加速度，利用SIMULINK仿真工具箱进行运动学仿真，为工作机构设计提供相应的理论分析依据。     

三代微光管均匀性测试与分析

利用自行研制的“光电阴极多信息量测试系统”首次对国产三代微光管中的GaAs光电阴极的均匀性进行了光谱响应测试 ,结果表明该国产三代微光管存在明显的非均匀性。利用曲线拟合方法估算了GaAs光电阴极的材料性能参数 ,发现表面逸出概率不一致是非均匀性的主要原因 ,GaAs材料的少子扩散长度 (1 1 2～ 1 82 ) μm ,与阴极厚度相当 ,后界面复合速率在 (1× 1 0 5～ 1× 1 0 6 )cm/s之间 ,它限制了阴极灵敏度的提高     

大学数字化建设中的信息控制规划与专业监理

近年来大学纷纷通过采用数字化技术,建设智能化项目的方式来降低办学成本,提高办学效率。但由于对建设的项目缺乏统一的规划,因此数字大学的建设过程中常常存在建设项目资源重复,过于求新求全致使系统性能价格比低,重视科教应用,轻视后勤管理与安全防范等问题。本文就目前大学数字化建设存在的问题,探讨大学数字化建设应包含的内容、实施步骤,信息工程规划和专业监理对系统实施的意义。     

当前我国FTTH建设中的几点考虑

分析了推动我国FTTH的主要动力及相关演进策略；在分析和比较FTTH不同技术体系优缺点的基础上，对我国FTTH的发展前景提出了看法。     

啤酒中测定双乙酰含量的EBC法的改进

EBC法是测定啤酒双乙酰的常规方法,但大量报道此法再生性和重复性较差,本文对影响此方法的一些因素进行了考查,发现酸碱度是影响EBC法的一个重要因素,并对EBC法进行改进。