Kinetics of Thermal Dehydroxylation and Carbonation of Magnesium Hydroxide

The kinetics of simultaneous dehydroxylation and carbonation of precipitated Mg(OH)₂ were studied using isothermal and nonisothermal thermogravimetric analyses. Specimens were analyzed using X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and through measurements of the volume of carbon dioxide evolved in a subsequent reaction with hydrochloric acid. From 275° to 475°C, the kinetics of isothermal dehydroxylation in helium were best fit to a contracting-sphere model, yielding an activation energy of 146 kJ/mol, which was greater than values reported in the literature for isothermal dehydroxylation under vacuum (53–126 kJ/mol). The carbonation kinetics were complicated by the fact that dehydroxylation occurred simultaneously. The overall kinetics also could be fit to a contracting-sphere model, yielding a net activation energy of 304 kJ/mol. The most rapid carbonation kinetics occurred near 375°C. At this temperature, Mg(OH)₂ underwent rapid dehydroxylation and subsequent phase transformation, whereas thermodynamics favored the formation of carbonate. During carbonation, MgCO₃ precipitated on the surface of disrupted Mg(OH)₂ crystals acting as a kinetic barrier to both the outward diffusion of H₂O and the inward diffusion of CO₂.     

Polymerization Catalysis in Liquid Propylene: High Activities and Molecular Weights in Propylene/CO Copolymerization Reactions

Summary: The dicationic [(dppp)Pd(NCCH₃)₂](BF₄)₂ catalyst (dppp = 1,3‐bis(diphenylphosphino)propane) was applied in a liquid monomer, two phase process for the CO/propene copolymerization reaction. For the first time it was possible to synthesize propene/CO copolymers with an activity up to 7 500 g/(mol · h) and molecular weights of 500 000 g/mol. Activities up to 40 000 g/(mol · h) could be obtained with the use of the unsymmetric catalyst [(CF₃‐dppp)Pd(NCCH₃)](BF₄)₂ (CF₃‐dppp = 1‐diphenylphosphino‐3‐bis[3,5‐di(trifluormethyl)phenyl]phosphinopropane) in homogeneous liquid propene solution.

Granules found after copolymerization.     

P_2O_5和V_2O_5对CaO－Al_2O_3－SiO_2系统玻璃分相与析

Ｐ＿２Ｏ＿５和Ｖ＿２Ｏ＿５对ＣａＯ－Ａｌ＿２Ｏ＿３－ＳｉＯ＿２系统玻璃分相与析晶行为的影响膝立东，陆德明，甘朝亢（山东轻工业学院２５０１００）ＴｈｅＥｆｆｅｃｔｓｏｆＰ＿２Ｏ＿５ａｎｄＶ＿２Ｏ＿５ｏｎｔｈｅＰｈａｓｅｓｅｐａｒａｔｉｏｎａｎｄＣｒｙｓ...     

Synthesis and dielectric properties of polystyrene‐clay nanocomposite materials

Polystyrene‐clay nanocomposite (PsCN) materials were synthesized and their properties of crystallinity, thermal behavior, and dielectric characteristics were investigated. A polymerizable cationic surfactant, [2‐(dimethylamino)ethyl]triphenylphonium bromide, was used for the intercalation of montmorillonite (MMT). The organophilic MMT was prepared by Na⁺‐exchanged MMT and ammonium cations of a cationic surfactant in an aqueous medium. Organophilic styrene monomers were intercalated into the interlayer regions of organophilic clay hosts followed by a free‐radical polymerization. Exfoliation to 2 wt % MMT in the polystyrene (PS) matrix was achieved as revealed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Thermal properties by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) were also studied. The dielectric properties of PsCNs in the form of film with clay loading from 1.0 to 5.0 wt % were measured under frequencies of 100 Hz–1 MHz at 25–70°C. A decreased dielectric constant and low dielectric loss were observed for PsCN materials. The dielectric response at low frequency that originated from dipole orientation was suppressed due to the intercalation of clay materials. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 91: 1368–1373, 2004     

Preparation and the properties of PMR‐type polyimide composites with aluminum nitride

A new polyimide composite was developed relying on the concept of in situ polymerization of monomer reactants polyimide. High thermal conductive, low dielectric constant and dielectric loss, and thermal‐stable composites were successfully demonstrated by incorporating aluminum nitride powder into the polyimide. The weight percent of aluminum nitride was up to 80%. The thermal and dielectric properties follow the classic composite theories. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 89: 3913–3917, 2003     

基于对比学习的无监督三元哈希方法

为了解决现有无监督二元哈希方法由于存在较大量化损失而导致检索精度较低的问题,在CIBHash方法的基础上,提出了一种新的基于对比学习的无监督三元哈希方法——CUTHash,将三元哈希编码用于图像检索。具体来说,首先,使用融合了解耦对比损失的对比学习框架,在目标数据集上进行无监督的图像特征学习;接着,为了得到三元哈希编码,对学习到的图像特征使用平滑函数进行量化操作,解决离散函数量化后导致的零梯度问题;最后,应用改进后的对比损失,约束同属一张图像的增强视图的特征在哈希空间中尽可能地接近,从而使得三元哈希编码具有一定的辨识力,使其更好地应用于无监督图像检索任务。在CIFAR-10、NUS-WIDE、MSCOCO以及ImageNet100数据集上进行了大量对比实验,取得了较当前主流的无监督哈希方法更好的检索性能,从而验证了CUTHash方法的有效性。     

基于双策略协同进化的QPSO算法及其应用

为更好地提升量子粒子群优化算法（QPSO）的局部挖掘和全局搜索能力,提出了一种改进的QPSO算法（DSQPSO）。在改进算法中引入了双策略协同进化的思路调整粒子的位置更新公式。为充分体现个体粒子挖掘的优势和群体共同引导的特点,提出了两种吸引点构造的思路,做到个体和种群更好地融合以及信息的互通;分别考虑了最优平均位置与全局最优和粒子的历史最优之间的联系,对粒子搜索范围作出了重新定义;此外,在迭代过程中,借助随机扰动机制对全局最优位置进行调整,以保持种群的多样性。通过18个测试函数将DSQPSO算法与PSO、QPSO、RQPSO和LQPSO四种算法在收敛精度和鲁棒性方面进行对比;进而在两个具体的工程优化问题上,应用改进算法与八个智能算法进行了寻优结果比较。实验表明DSQPSO算法无论在基准测试中还是在工程应用上,其计算精度和收敛效果均有明显优势。     

A sub-region one-to-one mapping (SOM) detection algorithm for glass passivation parts wafer surface low-contrast texture defects

Glass Passivation Parts (GPP) wafer texture defects are one of the most important factors affecting the accuracy of wafer defect detection. Template matching has local errors and low efficiency, and deep learning requires many training samples. In the early stage, defect training sample sets cannot be provided. This paper discusses the design of an effective GPP wafer grain region texture defect detection algorithm using a sub-region one-to-one mapping. A set of standard wafer datum is selected as the reference of grain region segmentation detection, and then the standard wafer images and test GPP wafer images are automatically calibrated and segmented, respectively. Then, a series of pre-processes were performed to equalize the sizes of the two grain-region images. Then the grain region was divided into an equal number of rectangular sub-regions of the same size according to the measurement precision requirement. The correlation degree of each test sub-region is judged by the designed three-channel RGB gray-scale similarity decision functions. Experiments show that the algorithm successfully achieved the necessary calibration and segmentation for the grain region. Compared with the template and histogram matching algorithms, the proposed method does not require a training set, the detection accuracy is significantly improved and the detection efficiency is up to 29.74 times better on average using the proposed algorithm.

     

A low‐profile antenna with circularly polarized reconfigurable and omnidirectional radiation patterns

A low profile circularly polarized (CP) antenna with reconfigurable polarization is designed and presented, which can radiate omnidirectional patterns that can be switched between left‐hand circularly polarized (LHCP) and right‐hand circularly polarized (RHCP). A pair of arc‐shaped complementary dipoles is acted as reconfigurable elements by bridging four pin diodes at the dipole arced arms. A meander phase shift line is employed to connected the arc dipole arms and plate cavity to adjust the phase relationship of two sources. The proposed antenna exhibits the omnidirectional radiation pattern by combining six identical elements placed in a circular array configuration. 24 p‐i‐n diodes are exploited to six elements, by manipulating the dc bias voltage across the diodes, the polarization state of the antenna can be switched. The patterns of the antenna are similar to that of a dipole, but its size is only about Φ0.87 × 0.029λ₀ at 5.8 GHz. The overlapped bandwidth of measured 3‐dB axial ratio (AR) and 10‐dB return loss is 5.724‐5.87 and 5.738‐5.91 GHz for two polarization states, which are right on the target of ISM band. It can be well adapted to medical diagnosis systems.     

A pair of parallel differential magnetic‐field probes with high measurement accuracy and high electric‐field suppression ratio

Magnetic‐field probes can be used for electromagnetic interference measurement of high‐speed circuits. The main magnetic probe performance includes sensitivity, spatial resolution, electric‐field suppression ratio (EFSR), and measurement accuracy. In this article, a pair of differential magnetic‐field probes is proposed to improve measurement accuracy without reducing sensitivity. The proposed differential probes consist of two asymmetric loop probes, which are designed in the same plane and separated by a row of periodic vias. The proposed differential probes are fabricated under PCB process. High accuracy can be achieved by measuring difference between outputs of the two probes. In addition, EFSR can be improved by size optimization of the differential magnetic‐field probes. Simulation and measurement results show the operating bandwidth is from 100 MHz to 12 GHz, the measurement error is 3.4% and the EFSR is about 40 dB. The proposed probes have higher measurement accuracy and higher EFSR than the conventional single probe, and larger operation bandwidth than the stacked differential probes.