Non-isothermal Kinetics of Benzo[a]Pyrene Photooxidation in Glyceryl Trioctanoate

Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) was dissolved in glyceryl trioctanoate, heated in a glass reaction vessel within temperature range 297.95–361.85 K with heating rate of 1 K/min and simultaneously exposed to UV light at wavelength λ = 365 nm at radiation power 20 mW cm^?2 in order to study the decrease of BaP concentration due to its photooxidation. The concentration of BaP was determined by HPLC-FD periodically in 5 min intervals. As observed, the BaP concentration decreased from 62.2 μg L^-1 to 19.8 μg L^-1. From the experimental results, the parameters characterizing the non-isothermal kinetics of BaP photooxidation have been obtained. The parameters were tested at two various isothermal conditions (290.16 and 323.26 K) to verify a suitability of derived parameters. Comparing calculated and measured data of half-lives of BaP decrease at mentioned temperatures it was found that calculated half-lives are in a good accordance with those experimentally obtained values, when relative standard deviations at 290.16 K were 17.0% and 5.4% at 323.26 K, respectively. The kinetic parameters enable the calculation of the rate constant for any temperature in isothermal regime and make possible to model, in general, the kinetics of such processes without a deeper insight into their mechanisms.     

FIELD-ORIENTED CONTROL OF INDUCTION MACHINES IN THE PRESENCE OF MAGNETIC SATURATION

ABSTRACT

This paper presents derivation of the equations which describe field-oriented control of saturated induction machines. Field-oriented control principles are applied on the saturated model of induction machine and new equations are obtained, which differ significantly from the well-known model valid when the main flux saturation is absent or neglected. Rotor flux oriented control of voltage-fed and current-fed saturated induction machines is discussed. New decoupling circuits which are needed under saturated conditions are presented. Simulation results, which show the influence of main flux saturation on transient behaviour of the drive and which verify the theoretical results are included.