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141.
Sone T Nagamori E Ikeuchi T Mizukami A Takakura Y Kajiyama S Fukusaki E Harashima S Kobayashi A Fukui K 《Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering》2002,94(1):87-91
We have produced micrometer-sized calcium alginate beads referred to as "bio-beads" that encapsulate plasmid DNA molecules carrying a reporter gene. In order to evaluate the efficiency of the bio-beads in mediating genetic transfection, protoplasts isolated from cultured tobacco cells (BY-2) were transfected with bio-beads containing a plasmid that carries the modified green fluorescent protein gene CaMV35S-sGFP. With the bio-beads treatment, approximately ten-fold higher GFP expression was observed after 24 h incubation compared to that with the conventional method using a naked plasmid solution. Transfection was up to 0.22% efficient. These results indicate that bio-beads have a possibility for efficient transformation in plants. 相似文献
142.
Yamaji H Sakai K Joho T Izumoto E Fukuda H 《Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering》2004,98(6):487-489
When recombinant Chinese hamster ovary cells were treated with pertussis toxin or genistein, not only lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) but also phosphatidic acid (PA) failed to stimulate progression through the cell cycle in serum-free culture, suggesting that PA and LPA induce cell growth through the same signal transduction pathway. Cell cycle analysis also indicates that cell growth promoted by PA results in enhanced protein production. 相似文献
143.
144.
Motomichi Koyama Michael Rohwerder Cemal Cem Tasan Asif Bashir Eiji Akiyama Kenichi Takai 《Materials Science & Technology》2017,33(13):1481-1496
ABSTRACTThis paper gives an overview of recent progress in microstructure-specific hydrogen mapping techniques. The challenging nature of mapping hydrogen with high spatial resolution, i.e. at the scale of finest microstructural features, led to the development of various methodologies: thermal desorption spectrometry, silver decoration, the hydrogen microprint technique, secondary ion mass spectroscopy, atom probe tomography, neutron radiography, and the scanning Kelvin probe. These techniques have different characteristics regarding spatial and temporal resolution associated with microstructure-sensitive hydrogen detection. Employing these techniques in a site-specific manner together with other microstructure probing methods enables multi-scale, quantitative, three-dimensional, high spatial, and kinetic resolution hydrogen mapping, depending on the specific multi-probe approaches used. Here, we present a brief overview of the specific characteristics of each method and the progress resulting from their combined application to the field of hydrogen embrittlement.This paper is part of a thematic issue on Hydrogen in Metallic Alloys 相似文献
145.
The absorption of cholesterol and of cholesterol oxidation products (oxidized cholesterols) was compared in lymph-cannulated
rats. We found that the lymphatic absorption of an intragastrically administered, emulsified lipid meal containing 25 mg of
cholesterol or 25 mg of oxidized cholesterols, within 24 h, was approximately 67 and 30%, respectively. The absorption rate
of individual oxidized cholesterols differed considerably and was approximately 30% for 7α-hydroxycholesterol, 42% for 7β-hydroxycholesterol,
32% for 5β-epoxycholesterol, 28% for 5α-epoxycholesterol, 15% for cholestanetriol and 12% for 7-ketocholesterol. Moreover,
cholesterol oxidation products delayed the absorption of oleic acid as triolein. Approximately 35 and 48% of cholesterol was
recovered in chylomicrons (CM) and very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), respectively. In contrast, 54 and 40% of the oxidized
cholesterols was recovered in CM and VLDL, respectively, although there was a significant difference in the distribution of
individual oxidized cholesterols. The results of the present study indicate that oxidized cholesterols are absorbed to a lesser
extent than is cholesterol, that they disturb fat absorption and that they distribute differently between lymphatic lipoproteins. 相似文献
146.
Studies are reported on the composition of the lipids of human liver and hepatoma tissues from male adults. Liver tissues
were obtained from individuals who died from causes other than liver disease or cancer. The hepatoma tissues were obtained
from individuals shortly after they succumbed to cancer. The total lipid of each tissue was fractionated quantitatively by
silicic acid column chromatography into neutral lipid, glycolipid, and phospholipid fractions. These fractions were analyzed
by thin layer chromatography and converted to methyl esters for analysis of their constituent fatty acids by gas liquid chromatography.
In comparison to liver tissue, the total amount of lipid in the hepatoma tissues was generally higher and more variable; the
lipid of one hepatoma was ca. 92% of the dry wt of the tissue. The greater lipid content of the hepatoma tissues was due to
the high percentage of neutral lipid. Except for one specimen, there was ca. the same amount of glycolipid in the hepatoma
as in the liver tissues, but the composition of the glycolipid fraction of the hepatoma lipid differed considerably, particularly
in the ganglioside fraction. The phospholipid fraction of hepatoma lipid was much lower than that of liver but exhibited only
quantitative differences in composition. No glyceryl ether diesters and only traces of plasmalogens of phosphatidyl choline
or phosphatidyl ethanolamine were detected in the liver and hepatoma lipids. The levels of monoenoic acids were higher and
those of linoleic and polyunsaturated fatty acids lower in the hepatoma lipids. Positional isomers of trienoic acids not normally
present in liver tissue were detected in hepatoma lipids. The abnormalities observed in lipid composition indicated interferences
in the regulatory processes of lipid metabolism in human hepatoma similar to those observed in animals. 相似文献
147.
The effect of the probe arrangement on the reproducibility of topographic images of the concentration changes in oxygenated hemoglobin and deoxygenated hemoglobin is evaluated by a virtual head phantom. A virtual head phantom consists of five types of tissue the 3D structure of which is based on a magnetic resonance imaging scan of an adult head. Localized and broadened brain activation is assumed in a virtual head phantom. The topographic images are obtained from the reflectance detected by the standard probe arrangement and the double-density probe arrangement. The uneven thickness of the superficial layer, which cannot be evaluated by the previous slab model, affects the distribution of measured activation in the topographic image, and this reduces the position reproducibility of near-infrared (NIR) topography with the standard probe arrangement. The overlapping measurements by the double-density probe arrangement can improve the reproducibility of the image obtained by NIR topography. 相似文献
148.
In addition to the known laboratory methods of preparing fullerenes, which generally start from carbon vapor, studies of naturally occurring C60/C70 suggest a catalytic process of fullerene formation that proceeds in solid phase under mild condition. Recent observation of C60/C70 in Yunnan coal and Kalerian C-rich rock is reviewed in the light of the above perspective. 相似文献
149.
Capacitance–voltage (C–V) characteristic of ultrathin polyimide (PI) Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) films is discussed theoretically and experimentally taking into account the interfacial electrostatic phenomena and interfacial electronic states at the metal/PI LB film interface. It was found that the apparent film thickness decreases due to the charge exchange phenomena at the metal/film interface. It was also found that electrical insulating properties of the Au/PI LB film/Al device depended on the polarity of external voltage, probably due to the formation of the electrostatic interfacial electric field of 108 to 109 V/m. © 2000 Scripta Technica, Electr Eng Jpn 134(3): 9–15, 2001 相似文献
150.
Mineo Tsuji Hanqiang Li Katsuhiro Izumi Eiji Yamada 《Electrical Engineering in Japan》1997,119(4):66-76
Vector control of induction motors is widely used for industrial applications. On-line parameter identification and speed sensorless control are being studied actively. A representative method for these problems is the application of an adaptive full-order observer. The rotor flux for vector control is estimated by a full-order observer and machine parameters, or the rotor speed is determined by an adaptive algorithm. In this paper, a new vector control scheme with parameter identification is proposed. This method is based on the adaptive full-order observer. However, the observed currents which are usually estimated in the voltage model are considered as command currents and the voltage model is used for the current controller. As a result, the proposed system is simpler than the conventional adaptive full-order observer system. Since the proposed system is composed of an induction motor model in a synchronously rotating reference frame, the well-known slip frequency control block is contained. The arrangement of the poles which are related to the torque transfer function is discussed. A linear model is derived taking into account the effects of the change of the stator and rotor resistances. The trajectories of poles and zeros of the torque transfer function are computed and discussed for various system parameters. Identification of stator and rotor resistances is confirmed by simulation using a nonlinear system model. The proposed idea is applied to a speed sensorless system; this system has a similar configuration to those of existing systems under some assumptions. © 1997 Scripta Technica, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 119(4): 66–76, 1997 相似文献