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41.
42.
减压渣油与FCC油浆共炭化的化学组成变化 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4
考察了齐鲁石化胜利炼油厂催化油浆(FCC)和胜利减压渣油(VR)在490℃,0.8MPa下不同混合比的原料和不同反应时间的中间产物的HS、TS、PS、P及其1h中间产物的HS和TS的^1H-NMR。数据结果反映了体系的反应速度。掺入FCC油浆抑制了VR的反应活性,降低了体系的反应速度,增加了基质的溶解度;1h中间产物的组成结构更接近于原料及反应体系的反应性和基质的溶解度;1h中间产物的芳香度越高,取代基越少,侧链越短,基质对VR中的活性反应组分在炭化早期生成的高度缩合物质的溶解度越大。 相似文献
43.
The reduction of calcium sulfate to produce calcium sulfide is a part of the cyclic process for converting sulfur dioxide
to elemental sulfur that is described in Part I. The kinetics of the hydrogen reduction of nickel-catalyzed calcium-sulfate
pellets were investigated using a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) technique at reaction temperatures between 1023 and 1088
K and hydrogen partial pressures between 12.9 and 86.1 kPa. The reactivity of nickel-catalyzed calcium-sulfate pellets was
demonstrated by the conversion of 70 pct fresh nickel-catalyzed calcium sulfate to calcium sulfide in 20 minutes at 1073 K
under a hydrogen partial pressure of 86.1 kPa. Furthermore, the reactivity remained relatively intact after ten cycles of
reactions and regenerations. This observed characteristic of the pellets is important because the solids must be reusable
for repeated cycles to avoid generating secondary pollutants. The nucleation and growth rate expression was found to be useful
in describing the kinetics of the reaction, which had an activation energy of about 167 kJ/mol (∼40 kcal/mol) in all reaction
cycles except for the first regenerated samples that were lower at 146 kJ/mol (35 kcal/mol). The reaction order with respect
to hydrogen partial pressure was 0.22 in all cycles with the exception of the first regenerated sample for which it was 0.37. 相似文献
44.
招标工程量清单与工程造价控制 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
合理确定招标工程量清单是有效实施工程造价事前控制的重要环节。通过对一些工程的招标工程量清单暴露出来的问题进行分析 ,阐述了招标工程量清单的合理性对有效实施工程造价事前控制的重要作用 ;合理确定招标工程量清单 ,关键是要以工程的质量和造价控制目标为出发点 ,在遵循一般项目划分习惯的同时 ,密切结合工程实际以及合同条款的要求 ,进行具体分析 相似文献
45.
We have investigated the effect of extended dislocations (0.5-3 μm) on charge distribution in GaN epilayer grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition on (0001) sapphire using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning surface potential microscopy (SSPM). It has been observed for the surface at the extended dislocations present in undoped GaN film to be negatively charged showing 0.04-0.2 V higher potential relative to regions that contain no dislocations. In addition to the higher potential at the dislocation core, the surrounding surfaces, including the edge of the dislocations, are also negatively charged in a symmetric way around the dislocations revealing crater-shaped higher potential regions (∼0.04 V) relative to surrounding dislocation-free area. The experimental results show that the protrusion-type of dislocation is also negatively charged and its potential is dependent on the size of dislocation. 相似文献
46.
基于公钥加密算法和PPCT动态图编码的软件指纹方案 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
提出了一种综合PPCT动态图编码方法和椭圆曲线加密算法的软件指纹方案,该方案将公钥加密技术和软件水印技术综合应用于软件版权的保护和验证过程中,充分利用两者的优势,具有安全性高和抗恶意篡改能力强的特点. 相似文献
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Yong Xia Rongming Lin 《International journal for numerical methods in engineering》2004,59(1):153-172
Order reduction is a computationally efficient method to estimate some lowest eigenvalues and the corresponding eigenvectors of large structural systems by reducing the order of the original model to a smaller one. But its accuracy is limited to a small range of frequencies that depends on the selection of the retained degrees of freedom. This paper proposes a new iterative order reduction (IOR) technique to obtain accurately the eigensolutions of large structural systems. The technique retains all the inertia terms associated with the removed degrees of freedom. This hence leads to the reduced mass matrix being in an iterated form and the reduced stiffness matrix constant. From these mass and stiffness matrices, the eigensolutions of the reduced system can be obtained iteratively. On convergence the reduced system reproduces the eigensolutions of the original structure. A proof of the convergence property is also presented. Applications of the method to a practical GARTEUR structure as well as a plate have demonstrated that the proposed method is comparable to the commonly used Subspace Iteration method in terms of numerical accuracy. Moreover, it has been found that the proposed method is computationally more efficient than the Subspace Iteration method. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
50.