Inorganic fractions in extracellular polymeric substance extracted from activated sludge and biofilm samples by different methods

This study highlighted the inorganic fractions in the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) extract from two activated sludges and one biofilm. Nine EPS extraction methods (centrifugation, sonication, cation exchange resin (CER) + sonication, CER, heating, formaldehyde + heating, formaldehyde + NaOH, ethanol and EDTA) were used in the study. The EPS extracts had large inorganic fractions, which ranged from 28% to 94% of the EPS dry weight. The EPS inorganic fraction was dependent on the source of the sludge and wastewater, the kinds of bacteria and the extraction method. The EPS extracts obtained by heating and sonication had smaller inorganic fractions than those obtained by centrifugation. The compositions of the inorganic fraction of EPS extracts obtained with CER and sonication + CER showed similar trends. The chemical extraction methods could contaminate the inorganic composition of EPS extracts by impurities, carrying over of the extractant itself or by changing the pH of the solution. Ethanol was the most effective extractant for obtaining inorganic ions.     

Physical modeling with orthotropic material based on harmonic fields

Although it is well known that human bone tissues have obvious orthotropic material properties, most works in the physical modeling field adopted oversimplified isotropic or approximated transversely isotropic elasticity due to the simplicity. This paper presents a convenient methodology based on harmonic fields, to construct volumetric finite element mesh integrated with complete orthotropic material. The basic idea is taking advantage of the fact that the longitudinal axis direction indicated by the shape configuration of most bone tissues is compatible with the trajectory of the maximum material stiffness. First, surface harmonic fields of the longitudinal axis direction for individual bone models were generated, whose scalar distribution pattern tends to conform very well to the object shape. The scalar iso-contours were extracted and sampled adaptively to construct volumetric meshes of high quality. Following, the surface harmonic fields were expanded over the whole volumetric domain to create longitudinal and radial volumetric harmonic fields, from which the gradient vector fields were calculated and employed as the orthotropic principal axes vector fields. Contrastive finite element analyses demonstrated that elastic orthotropy has significant effect on simulating stresses and strains, including the value as well as distribution pattern, which underlines the relevance of our orthotropic modeling scheme.     

Wafer-level multilayer integration of RF passives with thick BCB/metal interlayer connection in silicon-based SiP

This paper presents an integration technology for RF passives using benzocyclobutene (BCB)/metal multilayer interconnection for system-in-package applications. This technology has been specially developed for RF subsystem packages in which a thick polymer, BCB (more than 15 μm thick), is adopted as dielectric with lossy silicon as substrate for its excellent characteristics. Both dry-etch BCB and photosensitive BCB are applied in this work, and their processes are briefly introduced and compared. An RF power divider, an MIM capacitor, different types of RF inductors as well as a coupled microstrip based band-pass filter are fabricated and measured at wafer level. The results show good electrical performances, and accordingly the passives are well applicable in RF band. Moreover, the subsystem models including monolithic chips connected with passives are presented.     

图书馆读者网络问卷调查系统的设计与实现

本文为主要介绍,基于B／S结构,设计和开发网络版的读者问卷调查系统,此系统对调查问卷结果的分析和统计做出详细的描述,通过和图书馆其它系统的联合使用,形成特有的读者问卷调查反馈服务平台,本文参与“‘网络环境下高校用户信息行为实证研究”课题立项的研究。     

稳定型橡胶改性沥青混合料动态模量研究

为研究稳定型橡胶改性沥青混合料的力学性能,利用基本性能试验系统进行了动态模量试验。文章分析了温度和加载频率对动态模量和相位角的影响规律,基于时间-温度置换原理确定了动态模量主曲线和移位因子,并采用修正的Witczak模型预估稳定型橡胶改性沥青混合料的动态模量。结果表明：稳定型橡胶改性沥青混合料具有更小的低温模量和更大的高温模量;修正的Witczak预估模型可以较好地预测稳定型橡胶改性沥青混合料的动态模量值。     

倒虹吸工程水力学模型试验

为研究大型倒虹吸水力特性,通过新疆北部某倒虹吸工程1∶16的水工模型试验,对不同运行工况下倒虹吸过流能力、水流流态及压力分布等问题进行研究。试验结果表明,水头损失实测值与设计计算值较接近,满足设计要求;在设计流量下管道最大压力位于倒虹吸管最低段末端且小于设计值;但充水过程中,流量由13m3/s增至15m3/s时,发现上游进水口有间歇性立轴漩涡形成。为了保证工程的正常运行,建议对上游沉沙池与消力池之间渠道进行优化。     

A practical robust nonlinear controller for maglev levitation system

In order to explore the precise dynamic response of the maglev train and verify the validity of proposed controller, a maglev guideway-electromagnet-air spring-cabin coupled model is developed in the first step. Based on the coupled model, the stresses of the modules are analyzed, and it is pointed out that the inherent nonlinearity, the inner coupling, misalignments between the sensors and actuators, and external disturbances are the main issues that should be considered for the maglev engineering. Furthermore, a feedback linearization controller based on the mathematical model of a maglev module is derived, in which the nonlinearity, coupling and misalignments are taken into account. Then, to attenuate the effect of external disturbances, a disturbance observer is proposed and the dynamics of the estimation error is analyzed using the input-to-state stability theory. It shows that the error is negligible under a low-frequency disturbance. However, at the high-frequency range, the error is unacceptable and the disturbances can not be compensated in time, which lead to over designed fluctuations of levitation gap, even a clash between the upper surface of electromagnet and lower surface of guideway. To solve this problem, a novel nonlinear acceleration feedback is put forward to enhancing the attenuation ability of fast varying disturbances. Finally, numerical comparisons show that the proposed controller outperforms the traditional feedback linearization controller and maintains good robustness under disturbances.     

码率可调节的高质量语音编码算法

中远距离水声语音通信时,由于水声信道可利用带宽窄的原因,通信速率较之无线电信道低.在高质量通话的前提下,语音编码码率也在一定范围内受到制约.在众多低速率语音编码标准中,美国联邦标准MELP(mixed excitation lin-ear prediction)是最佳选择,其编码码率2.4 kbit/s对于水声信道来说仍然偏高.考虑到水声信道的特点,结合语音信息不均匀分布、MELP编码参数分析和简化、码本冗余度降低等几个方面,从语音生成和听觉感知角度深入研究了MELP编码标准,采用不定帧数联合编码的方式,提出一种码率可调节的高保真语音编码算法.正常语速下,平均码率约800 bit/s.合成语音清晰可懂,保持了说话人的个性特征,其PESQ MOS(perceptual evaluation of speech quality mean opinion score)评分不低于2.7,语音质量接近2.4 kbit/s MELP标准水平,满足了中远距离(>10 km)水声高质量语音通信的要求.同时,本算法也可用于其他对实时性要求不高的场合.     

一种基于多核函数SVM的图像标注方法

针对多项式核或RBF核SVM不能很好地处理图像标注中的数据不平衡问题,提出了一种基于多核函数SVM的图像标注方法,该方法采用多核函数训练过的SVM将基于区域的图像标注问题转化为对非平衡数据分类的问题,进而对图像标签进行分类以获取更符合图像真实含义的标注.实验结果表明,多核函数SVM图像标注性能优于单独使用局部或全局核函数.     

基于Chebyshev多项式的身份认证方案的研究

基于有限域的Chebyshev多项式由于其良好的单向性和半群特性,被广泛应用到公钥密码算法、密钥协商及身份认证方案中。在安全性方面对已有的基于Chebyshev多项式的身份认证方案进行了分析,并提出了一个新的身份认证方案。通过对其性能的研究,新的方案是安全有效的。