Compared the quality of 15 doctoral-level counselors' written evaluations following an initial interview with 113 17–36 yr old college students whose problems were judged to be primarily vocational, personal, or a mixture of the two. Overall, quality of intake evaluations was lower for vocational than for personal problems. Counselors' interest in doing intakes, studying the results of interest inventories, and doing vocational personal counseling related to the quality of their intake evaluations in various ways. (20 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
Ss received series of electric shocks to the forearm in which the temporal schedule and the sequence of shock intensities were associated with varying levels of randomness or uncertainty. The Ss were permitted an instrumental response which produced, in advance, information concerning 1 or both of these aspects of the shocks. Such information functioned as a strong positive reinforcement for most Ss. Instrumental response rate was a significant increasing function of the degree of uncertainty associated with the shock series, and occurred significantly more often for information concerning the temporal occurrence of shock than for its intensity. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
Investigated the relationship between cognitive development, as measured by changes in the Moral Development Scale, and long-term reconstructive memory in 24 15–33 yr old females. The hypothesis that the past is reconstructed to conform with current developmental stages was examined. Results indicate that when developmental gains were made over a 1-yr interval, Ss used a higher stage perspective to reconstruct the decision making involved in resolving a problematic pregnancy and, hence, reconstructed the events in different terms than were originally presented. When developmental gains were not made over a 1-yr interval, Ss reconstructed the events in the same terms as originally presented. Further analysis indicated that those Ss who made developmental gains also referred to a phenomenon of "memory loss." Results support the hypothesis that memory is reconstructive rather than reproductive. (17 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
Investigated the use of brief therapy in university counseling centers with time-limited therapy (TLT) policies and centers without time limits (TUT). The Counseling Duration Questionnaire was mailed to 265 members of the Association of University and College Counseling Center Directors. 213 directors (80%) completed the questionnaire. TLT centers had longer waiting lists and more frequently referred clients to other mental health agencies both at intake and at termination of treatment. Mean number of sessions per client did not differ by duration policy. A cross-validated stepwise discriminant function analysis significantly differentiated TLT centers from TUT centers on the basis of several variables, including average size of December and April waiting lists and the percentage of enrolled students seen. The results raise concerns about generally accepted rationales for movement to time limits. Policy implications for administrators are outlined. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
Directive 98/83/EC concerning the drinking water quality and Directive 80/777/EC for Natural Mineral Water demand strict control
and monitoring for the presence of metals. The State General Laboratory as the official control laboratory (Accredited by
ISO 17025:2005) implements a national monitoring program in order to ensure that the drinking and natural mineral water quality
satisfy the requirements of the respective Directives. The National Monitoring program covers mainly metals such as Pb, Cd,
Cr, Ni, As, Se, Sb, Hg, Mn, Cu, Fe, Al and B in water supplied for human consumption either by distribution networks, vending
machines, mobile water containers, ground water intended for human consumption as well as bottled water. The determination
of metals in water by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectroscopy (ICP-MS) is a technique that successfully meets the requirements
of the above Directives as it is a very powerful tool for the measurement of metals at very low concentrations with high accuracy
and precision. The results obtained indicate that metal concentrations in drinking and bottled water examined were by far,
below the acceptable legal limits and even below the relevant detection limits. However, in samples of bottled natural mineral
water, high boron concentration were determined and risk assessment was performed due to the absence of relevant legal limits.
The present paper demonstrates the steps undertaken by the General Water Analysis Laboratory of the SGL for the validated
method used by ICP-MS in the determination of trace metals including boron in drinking and bottled water. 相似文献
The crystallization mechanisms and elemental stability of leucite and kalsilite formed from K2O-Al2O3-SiO2 glasses were investigated by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Raman spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Glass samples with compositions along the leucite-kalsilite tie-line were produced by melt processing and were then heat-treated at 850, 950, and 1250°C for times ranging from 5 minutes to 1000 hours. Kalsilite is an unstable phase that behaves as an intermediate precursor to leucite. Crystalline materials in which kalsilite is the major phase lose potassium upon prolonged heat treatment (1000 hours at 1250°C), in contrast to those with leucite, in which little or no compositional alteration is detected. The formation of leucite from stoichiometric kalsilite is accompanied by the formation of potassium-doped alumina. The activation energies for leucite and kalsilite crystallization, determined via application of the Kissinger equation to thermal analysis data, were 579 and 548 kJ/mol, respectively. Finally, production of pure leucite can be achieved with more favorable crystallization kinetics when starting with off-stoichiometric compositions. 相似文献
Local community detection is a widely used method for identifying groups of nodes starting from seeding nodes. The seed(s) are usually selected either randomly or based only on structural properties of the network. However, in many cases the choice of seed(s) incorporates external knowledge that attaches to these nodes an additional importance for their community. This knowledge, may be derived from an expert on the domain, or may arise from the network’s side information and it constitutes our motivation for the present work; this additional information about the importance of seed(s) can be exploited for detection of better and more relevant communities. We call such biased seed(s), hint(s). Our approach, is to reflect the importance of hints by changing appropriately the network in their vicinity. To the best of our knowledge, no such viewpoint of the seeding nodes in local community detection has been considered before. The aim of this study is to identify a single community which contains the hint(s). Our key contribution is the proposed Hint Enhancement Framework(HEF) that applies a two-step procedure to discover the community of the hint(s): 1) it changes the network by amplifying the hint(s) using re-weighting or re-wiring strategies so as to materialize the bias towards them and 2) it applies local community detection algorithms on the altered network of step 1. We experimentally evaluate HEF in synthetic and real datasets, and demonstrate the positive aspects of the framework in identifying better communities, in comparison with plain local community detection algorithms as well as a global one.