Configurations of NPD – Production Interfaces and Interface Integration Mechanisms

This paper describes and illustrates different configurations of the interface between new product development and production processes, including both intra–firm and inter–firm interfaces. These configurations are partly based on a process view of product innovation and partly on a structural view of product innovation. In addition to this typology of interfaces some integration mechanisms are described. The typology will serve as a basis for further research aimed at identifying consistent configurations of the different types of integration mechanisms that are available for industry to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of product innovation processes.     

传统中药现代化--中药健康食品的开发

传统中药是现代生活健康的宝库,其功效在保健及慢性疾病的治疗方面尤其显著,并已备受世界重视.要成功将中药引进世界市场,最基本要求是要从科学方法去证明其效用及安全性;更重要是依从传统中医学对复方应用的要求去作研究.本文陈述了我们对传统中药古方"生脉散"研究及开发抗氧化健康食品的经验.透过现代生化及药理技术,我们发现"生脉散"中的五味子含丰富的抗氧化活性成分,为传统中医学利用"生脉散"治疗心脏病提供了理论依据.     

Vehicle-command center communications in a robotic vehicle system

The U.S. Army Laboratory Command is developing a testbed for cooperative, real-lime control of multiple land vehicles from a remotely located command center. The system requires the development and integration of a variety of elements which allow the vehicles to perform autonomously and under supervisory and teleoperated control. The National Institute of Standards and Technology is supporting this program by designing the overall system control architecture based on experience gained in developing hierarchial control systems in robotics and automated manufacturing. This paper analyzes the characteristics of the communication link between the vehicle and the remote command center. Areas addressed include the communication technology, the information content and required rates, the control system communication requirements, communications support of the development effort and examination of available standards.     

Converging measurement of horizontal and vertical individualism and collectivism.

The constructs of horizontal (H) and vertical (V) individualism (I) and collectivism (C) were theoretically defined and empirically supported. Study 1 confirmed, via factor analysis, that the 4 constructs, HI, V1, HC, and VC, which were previously found in the United States, which has an individualist culture, also were found in Korea which has a collectivist culture. Study 2 investigated multimethod-multitrait matrices measuring the constructs and generally supported their convergent and divergent validity. Study 3 showed how these 4 constructs relate to previously identified components by H. C. Triandis and colleagues. Study 4 showed the relationships of the measurement of the 4 constructs to some of the measures used by other researchers. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Carbonization of adamantane to a graphitizable carbon

Adamantane was carbonized in sealed tubes to 1073 K. Despite the non-planar molecular structure of adamantane, the resulting carbon was graphitizable. Using i.r. and u.v. spectrometry, mass spectrometry and X-ray diffraction, it was found that adamantane begins to decompose at ≈ 823 K to yield such planar molecules as phenanthrene, methyl-phenanthrene and pyrene. These molecules lead to a graphitizing carbon through a carbonization process which is similar to that of a pitch.     

An APL approach to the representation and manipulation of data structures

One of the important characteristics of a programming language is the manner in which commonly used data structures can be represented and manipulated. Methods for the representation of complex data structures in APL, a programming language based on rectangular arrays and a multiplicity of functions, are presented in this paper. Data structures considered are: strings and sets, stacks and queues, tables, linked lists, and sort trees. The material provides insight into the nature of data structures and should aid in establishing future requirements for primal and base languages.     

The Preparation and Assessment of a Series of Pure Dye Acids

High-load paper chromatography has shown previous preparations of the free acids of C.I. Acid Red 88, 13, and 27 to have been impure, although their purity, like that of the free acids of C.I. Acid Orange 7 and 8, had seemed satisfactory according to spectrophotometric examination and titration with alkali and titanous chloride. Reasons are given for the lack of sensitivity of these latter methods when used without supporting data from high-load paper chromatography. The preparation of pure samples of these dye acids is described, together with appropriate analytical data.     

An approach to evaluating and maintaining sprinkler performance

The author presents a conceptual framework for hydraulically calculating sprinkler demand curves based upon a modular loss system. He establishes an interrelationship between a loss module and the demand requirements of a sprinkler system in terms of water density required to control a fire at the modular level and to supply supplemental hose streams for completing extinguishment. This paper was presented at the annual meeting of the Society of Fire Protection Engineers at Atlanta, Ga., May 23, 1968, as part of a program arranged by the Chesapeake Chapter of the SFPE.