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31.
Efficient usage of highly dispersed Pt on carbon nanotubes for electrode catalysts of polymer electrolyte fuel cells 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
T. Matsumoto T. Komatsu H. Nakano K. Arai Y. Nagashima E. Yoo T. Yamazaki M. Kijima H. Shimizu Y. Takasawa J. Nakamura 《Catalysis Today》2004,90(3-4):277-281
A Pt-deposited carbon nanotube (CNT) shows higher performance than a commercial Pt-deposited carbon black (CB) with reducing 60% Pt load per electrode area in polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs) below 500 mA/cm2. K2PtCl4 and H2PtCl6·6(H2O) are used for the Pt deposition onto multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs), which are produced by the catalytic decomposition of hydrocarbons. The electric power densities produced using the Pt/CNT electrodes are greater than that of the Pt/CB by a factor of two to four on the basis of the Pt load per power. CNTs are thus found to be a good support of Pt particles for PEFC electrodes. TEM images show 2–4-nm Pt nanoparticles dispersed on the CNT surfaces. These high performances are considered to be due to the efficient formation of the triple-phase boundaries of gas–electrode–electrolyte. The mechanisms of Pt deposition are discussed for these Pt-deposited CNTs. 相似文献
32.
Dr. Fumika Karaki Sho Umemoto Karin Ashizawa Tomoya Oki Noriko Sato Takumi Ogino Naoto Ishibashi Ryoto Someya Dr. Kanako Miyano Dr. Shigeto Hirayama Prof. Yasuhito Uezono Prof. Hideaki Fujii 《ChemMedChem》2019,14(21):1840-1848
Although the advantages of sp3-rich, sterically complicated molecules in drug development have been pointed out, modern screening libraries are filled with planar, sp2-rich components. Compounds that are sp3-rich are difficult to synthesize, and thus we aimed to invent an efficient method to construct sp3-rich libraries. By modifying sp3-rich 7-azanorbornane scaffolds through click chemistry, we efficiently prepared a small set of compounds. These compounds were not only sp3-rich, but also had sufficient “lead-like” properties in view of molecular weights and hydrophobicity. Screening assays of this library provided weak κ opioid receptor agonists and growth hormone secretagogue receptor agonists with high hit rates. These results indicate that the 7-azanorbornane scaffold may be a “privileged structure” for lead identification in drug discovery. 相似文献
33.
34.
Xianhua Zhang Masuhiro Tsukada Hideaki Morikawa Kazuki Aojima Guangyu Zhang Mikihiko Miura 《Nanoscale research letters》2011,6(1):510
Silk sericin (SS)/silk fibroin (SF) blend nanofibers have been produced by electrospinning in a binary SS/SF trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) solution system, which was prepared by mixing 20 wt.% SS TFA solution and 10 wt.% SF TFA solution to give different compositions. The diameters of the SS/SF nanofibers ranged from 33 to 837 nm, and they showed a round cross section. The surface of the SS/SF nanofibers was smooth, and the fibers possessed a bead-free structure. The average diameters of the SS/SF (75/25, 50/50, and 25/75) blend nanofibers were much thicker than that of SS and SF nanofibers. The SS/SF (100/0, 75/25, and 50/50) blend nanofibers were easily dissolved in water, while the SS/SF (25/75 and 0/100) blend nanofibers could not be completely dissolved in water. The SS/SF blend nanofibers could not be completely dissolved in methanol. The SS/SF blend nanofibers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and differential thermal analysis. FTIR showed that the SS/SF blend nanofibers possessed a random coil conformation and ß-sheet structure. 相似文献
35.
Shuqi Guo Ramasamy Sivakumar Hideaki Kitazawa Yutaka Kagawa 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2007,90(5):1667-1670
Fully dense multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT)/SiO2 nanocomposites with MWCNTs contents of 5 and 10 vol% have been processed by spark plasma sintering, and the electrical conductivities of the nanocomposites were evaluated at temperatures ranging from 5 to 300 K. It has been found that the incorporation of MWCNTs converted an insulating silica nanoceramic into metallically conductive composites. The room-temperature conductivities of the nanocomposites, with over 14 orders of magnitude compared with pure silica, are in the range of 8 and 65 S/m. Also, it was interestingly found that the conductivity increased linearly with temperature from 5 to 300 K. 相似文献
36.
Ionic liquids can simultaneously assume multiple solvent roles, because they are strongly polar and polarizable solvents and binary solutions and frequently contain very hydrophobic components. When the cation and anion functional groups are tuned appropriately, ionic liquids can be used as designer solvents for a broad range of applications. In this Account, we discuss our spectroscopic studies on the intermolecular interactions, dynamics, solvation, transport, and friction in ionic liquids, as compared with information obtained from macroscopic experiments including viscometry and calorimetry. 相似文献
37.
Rapid Reconstitution of Biosynthetic Machinery for Fungal Metabolites in Aspergillus oryzae: Total Biosynthesis of Aflatrem 下载免费PDF全文
Koichi Tagami Dr. Atsushi Minami Ryuya Fujii Dr. Chengwei Liu Dr. Mizuki Tanaka Prof. Dr. Katsuya Gomi Prof. Dr. Tohru Dairi Prof. Dr. Hideaki Oikawa 《Chembiochem : a European journal of chemical biology》2014,15(14):2076-2080
Reconstitution of the biosynthetic machinery for fungal secondary metabolites in Aspergillus oryzae provides an opportunity both for stepwise determination of the biosynthetic pathways and the total biosynthesis of fungal natural products. However, to maximize the utility of the reconstitution system, a simple and rapid strategy for the introduction of heterologous genes into A. oryzae is required. In this study, we demonstrated an effective method for introducing multiple genes involved in the biosynthesis of fungal metabolites by using the expression vectors pUARA2 and pUSA2, each of which contains two cloning sites. The successful introduction of all the aflatrem biosynthetic genes (seven genes in total) after two rounds of transformation enabled the total biosynthesis of aflatrem. This rapid reconstitution strategy will facilitate the functional analysis of the biosynthetic machinery of fungal metabolites. 相似文献
38.
Mechanisms Underlying Decreased Hepatic Triacylglycerol and Cholesterol by Dietary Bitter Melon Extract in the Rat 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Senanayake GV Fukuda N Nshizono S Wang YM Nagao K Yanagita T Iwamoto M Ohta H 《Lipids》2012,47(5):495-503
In these studies, we focused on finding the mechanism(s) underlying the bitter melon (Momordica charantia L.) methanol fraction (MF)-dependent reduction in the concentration of hepatic triacylglycerol (TAG) and cholesterol in the
rat. Rats were fed diets containing low (5 %) fat for 2 weeks (experiment 1), or low (5 %) and high (15 %) fat for a longer
period of 8 weeks (experiment 2). MF was supplemented at 1 % level in both experiments. After feeding, rats were sacrificed,
and their livers were prepared as slices and hepatocytes, followed by incubation with [1(2)-14C] acetate or [1-14C] oleic acid (18:1 n-6). Under these conditions, we found that rats fed diets containing MF, as compared to those without
MF, showed: (1) no adverse effects on food intake and growth, (2) a decreased hepatic TAG and total cholesterol, irrespective
of the difference in dietary fat level or feeding period, and (3) a decreased incorporation of [1(2)-14C] acetate and [1-14C] oleic acid into TAG of liver slices and hepatocytes. MF-supplemented rats also showed no altered incorporation of labeled
acetate into cholesterol and cholesterol ester, an increased fecal excretion of neutral steroids, but not of acidic steroids,
and an enhanced mRNA abundance of carnitine palmitoylacyltransferase I, which is the rate-limiting enzyme for fatty acid oxidation.
These results suggest that dietary MF decreases hepatic TAG synthesis while enhancing fatty acid oxidation, thereby reducing
the concentration of hepatic TAG. The liver cholesterol-lowering effect of MF, however, is probably mediated through an increased
fecal excretion of neutral steroids, without an effect on cholesterogenesis. 相似文献
39.
Hideaki Katayama Tsutomu Tawa Shinzaburo Ito Masahide Yamamoto Yoshio Wada 《Polymer Bulletin》1992,29(3-4):365-367
Summary The effect of side chain length on intramolecular triplet energy migration of naphthalene containing polymers was investigated by a delayed fluorescence (DF) spectroscopy for the solid solution of the polymers. The degree of triplet energy migration depends strongly on whether the chromophores are directly attached to the main chain or not. 相似文献
40.
Saeree Jareonkitmongkol Hiroshi Kawashima Sakayu Shimizu Hideaki Yamada 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》1992,69(9):939-944
A mutant defective in Δ12-desaturase of an arachidonic-acid producing fungus,Mortierella alpina 1S-4, was shown to be a novel potent producer of Mead acid (5,8,11-cis-eicosatrienoic acid, 20:3ω9). The fungus produced several fatty acids of the n-9 family,i.e., 6,9-cis-octadecadienoic acid (18:2ω9), 8,11-cis-eicosadienoic acid (20:2ω9) and 20:3ω9. Significantly high levels of these fatty acids were produced during growth at low
temperatures (12–20°C). On submerged cultivation at 20°C for 10 days in a 5-L fermenter containing 2% glucose plus 1% yeast
extract (pH 6.0), the production of 20:3ω9 reachedca. 0.8 g/L (56 mg/g dry mycelia), accounting for 15% (by wt) of the total mycelial fatty acids. The other major fatty acids
were palmitic acid (6%), stearic acid (11%), oleic acid (45%), 18:2ω9 (12%) and 20:2ω9 (3%). Studies on the distribution of
fatty acids among lipid classes showed that, irrespective of the growth temperature employed (12–28°C),ca. 70% (by mol) of 20:3ω9 was present in the triglyceride and the remainder in the phospholipid fraction, especially in phosphatidylcholine
(PC). When the fungus was grown at 12°C, the proportion of 20:3ω9 in the PC fraction wasca. 55%.
On leave from Suntory Ltd. 相似文献