Bovine pancreatic /S-trypsin (PDB ID-code: 1TPO) which is registeredin the Brookhaven Protein Data Bank (PDB) consists of four exons.The results of homology searches for each exon in the PDB showedthat homologous proteins were tonin (PDB ID-code: 1TON), ratmast cell protease (PDB ID-code: 3RP2_A), kaffikrein A (PDBID-code: 2PKA_B) and kallikrein A (2PKA_B) respectively. Thus,for the three-dimensional structure prediction of 1TPO, a chimeraprotein was constructed from the three proteins mentioned aboveand the 3-D structure prediction was performed using this chimerareference protein. The modelled structure of 1TPO was energeticallyoptimized by molecular mechanics and molecular dynamics simulationand was compared with its X-ray crystal structure registeredin the PDB. The root mean square deviations (r.m.s.d.) of mainchain atoms and the neighbouring active site (5 sphere fromHis57, AsplO2 and Serl95) between the modelled structure andthe X-ray structure were 1.66 and 0.94 respectively. Porcinepancreatic elastase (PDB ID-code: 3EST) which is registeredin the PDB was used as the reference protein and the modelledstructure from 3EST was also compared with the X-ray data. Ther.m.s.d. of main chain atoms and that of the active site were2.14 and 1.18 respectively. These results dearly support thepropriety of this method using the chimera reference protein. 相似文献
Zr-Al organometallic compounds have been spray-dried and heated at temperatures 600 to 1400°C to prepare ZrO2-Al2O3 composite powders. The powders consist of balloon-like particles 0.5 to 2 m in diameter with homogeneously dispersed tetragonal ZrO2 grains 0.1 to 0.2 m in diameter. The tetragonal fraction of ZrO2 in the composite powders is higher than that in the powders prepared from sols of Zr(OBun)4 and Al[OCH(CH3)2]3. The fraction is affected by the organofunctional group in the Zr-Al compounds.Zr(OBun)4 = Zr(OC4Hgn)4; Al[OCH(CH3)2]3 = Al(OPri)3. 相似文献
The impact of micro-alloying on tensile behavior at strain rates in various ranges is examined using five types of extruded Mg-0.3 at. pct Mn–0.1 at. pct X ternary alloys, where X is selected as a common element, Al, Li, Sn, Y or Zn. Microstructural observations reveal that the average grain size of these extruded alloys is between 1 and 3 μm, and these micro-alloying elements segregate at grain boundaries. In room temperature tensile and compression tests, these results show that the mechanical properties and deformation behavior are influenced by the micro-alloying element, even as a small addition of 0.1 at. pct. Mg–Mn–Y and Mg–Mn-Zn alloys show higher strength and smaller strain rate sensitivity (m-value) among the present alloys, owing to the rate-controlling mechanism as dislocation slip. On the other hand, the Mg–Mn–Li alloy exhibits the largest elongation to failure in tension and the highest strain rate sensitivity, associated with high contribution of grain boundary sliding to deformation. These differences are due to the grain boundary segregation of the micro-alloying elements. Compared to the common Mg alloys, the present ternary alloys also show a trade-off relationship between strength and ductility, which is similar to that of the well-known Mg alloys; however, these properties of the Mg–Mn system ternary alloys could be controlled via the type of micro-alloying elements with a chemical content of 0.1 at. pct.
In order to investigate the effects of bile acid feeding on hepatic microsomal deoxycholate 7α-hydroxylase activity, three
different bile acids were administered (0.2% w/w in chow) to hamsters for two weeks. Deoxycholate 7α-hydroxylase activity
was increased markedly by feeding of cholic acid (CA) and slightly by deoxycholic acid (DCA) Chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA)
had little effect on the enzyme activity. Feeding each of the bile acids significantly inhibited the activity of cholesterol
7α-hydroxylase in the order CDCA≥ DCA>CA. There was no correlation between deoxycholate 7α-hydroxylase activity and cholesterol
7α-hydroxylase activity. It is concluded that the activity of deoxycholate 7α-hydroxylase is up-regulated by feeding DCA and
CA and that the mechanism seems to be different from that of cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase. The increased activity of hepatic
deoxycholate 7α-hydroxylase by CA and DCA should be beneficial in minimizing the toxic effects of DCA in the hamster. 相似文献
For the purpose of synthesizing standards to be used in the quantification of TAG hydroperoxides, three TAG (1,2-dioleoyl-3-palmitoylglycerol,
1-oleoyl-2-linoleoyl-3-palmitoylglycerol, and triolein) monohydroperoxides were chemically synthesized as authentic specimens.
TAG were prepared by using a simple condensation in pyridine of glycerol and the corresponding acid chlorides. These TAG were
then converted into monohydroperoxides by a photosensitized peroxidation. The synthesized monohydroperoxides were analyzed
by normal-phase and RP-HPLC. The results of normal-phase HPLC analysis showed that monohydroperoxides from a corresponding
TAG were a mixture of regioisomers. In RP-HPLC, however, the regioisomers of monohydroperoxides were not separated and gave
a single peak, which may improve the sensitivity for the detection of TAG monohydroperoxides. In this study TAG monohydroperoxide
standards were synthesized; these will be useful for the study of yet unknown biological and pathological roles of TAG hydroperoxides. 相似文献
Summary The size exclusion chromatography of neutral polymers and polymers containing ionic groups was investigated using N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMA) as mobile phase. As reported previously for N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), acrylonitrile polymers containing charges, even those at terminal end groups, showed markedly small retention volumes and multimodal peaks by refractive index and 280 nm UV detectors. In DMA containing small amounts of LiBr the peaks of the ionic polymers were shifted to small retention volumes while neutral polymers with analogous chemical structures did not show the same behavior. As in the case of DMF the peculiarities observed in DMA were attributed to the formation of supramolecular structures by the interaction of the ionic groups in the polymer and the ionic species from DMA decomposition. 相似文献
The evaporation drain of sulfite pulp spent liquor contains few volatile fatty acids, most of which is acetic acid. The main objective of this study is to recover acetic acid as the concentrated solution (about 4%), which could be used as a culture medium of the yeast. As acetic acid can easily pass through the cellulose acetate membrane, SP drains neutralized by NaOH, NH4OH and Ca(OH)2 were used as the feed solutions. In all cases, concentration by reverse osmosis was successfully carried out provided the appropriate pretreatment was employed. The recovery of acetic acid was 95.6, 90.5 and 98.2% for Na-, NH4-, and Ca-drain, respectively. In addition, the recovered (permeated) water may be used as an industrial one. 相似文献
The purpose of this study was to investigate the physiological and subjective responses of the European, Japanese (JPN) and US firefighters' helmet, gloves and boots for international standardisation. Three experimental conditions were evaluated (clothing mass: 9.4, 8.2 and 10.1 kg for the three conditions, respectively) at the air temperature of 32°C and 60% relative humidity. The results showed that there was no significant difference among the three conditions in oxygen consumption, heart rate, total sweat rate, rectal temperature and mean skin temperature, whereas peripheral temperatures and subjective perceptions were lower in the JPN condition than in the other conditions (P < 0.05). These results indicate that a 0.5-kg reduction in helmet mass and a 1.1-kg reduction in boot mass during exercise resulted in a significant decrease in head and leg temperatures and subjective perceptions, while a 1.9-kg reduction in total clothing mass had insignificant influences on the metabolic burden and overall body temperature. 相似文献
Rice bran oil containing 30–50% free fatty acid was continually converted to an oil containing more than 75% of triacylglycerol
(TG) by means of immobilized lipase. The reaction was carried out at 60°C for 24 h with dehydration and reactant mixing by
dry nitrogen flow under a positive nitrogen atmosphere. Enzymatic TG synthesis with evaporation by heating was not suitable
because of the increasing peroxide value of the oil.
Part of this article was presented at the annual meeting of the Japan Oil Chemists' Society at Sendai, Japan, October, 16,
1990. 相似文献