铝灰渣与废盐酸制备聚合氯化铝的试验研究

以铝灰渣和废盐酸为原料,通过酸溶法制备聚合氯化铝,考察了原料配比、反应温度、反应时间、熟化温度、熟化时间等因素对聚合氯化铝性能的影响,并对最佳工艺参数条件下制备的聚合氯化铝进行红外光谱分析。结果表明,铝灰渣和废盐酸制备聚合氯化铝的最佳工艺参数为:原料配比为m∶V1∶V2=20∶55∶80,反应温度为85℃,反应时间为3.5 h,熟化温度为80℃,熟化时间为42 h;在此条件下,制备的聚合氯化铝中氧化铝质量分数为8.15%,盐基度为35.6%;红外光谱分析表明合成的聚合氯化铝中存在聚合态铝和羟基结构。     

Microencapsulation of camellia oil to maintain thermal and oxidative stability with focus on protective mechanism

Camellia oil (CO) microcapsules were developed using chitosan–soybean protein isolate (CS-SPI) complexes as wall materials and transglutaminase (TGase) as the cross-linking agent. Results indicated that CO/SPI under the ratio of 1:2 exhibited the highest microencapsulation efficiency and yield, possessing the best encapsulation effect. Morphology observation showed that CO microcapsules were intact, compact and nearly spherical. The microencapsulated CO exhibited the improved thermal resistance and significantly lower peroxide values after 3 days storage, demonstrating that the produced microcapsule was a promising way to maintain the thermal and oxidative stability of camellia oil. It could be found evidence from FTIR, which indicated that covalent cross-linking and hydrogen bonding might be involved among wall materials, and physical interactions between the core and wall materials. Therefore, the produced CO microcapsules could be an effective way to protect camellia oil, which was helpful for improving the processing and storage qualities of camellia oil.     

乳清蛋白微凝胶颗粒的制备及其对油脂消化性的抑制作用

针对高脂肪摄入带来的高血脂、高血压、高血糖等疾病风险,定向设计高脂肪食品的乳液结构,调控其与胃肠液的相互作用,从而减少食物中油脂的消化吸收,是实现饮食健康且不降低食物感官品质的有效途径。探究了不同pH值条件下,由乳清浓缩蛋白(WPC)通过湿热-均质组合方法制备的乳清蛋白微凝胶颗粒(WPMP)的理化性质(粒径分布、热力学性质、流变学性质等),并测定了加入WPMP的油脂乳液在消化道中的稳定性、游离脂肪酸(FFA)的释放率。结果表明:在pH值为5.5时,制备的WPMP具有相对较小的中位粒径6.63μm、较高的热稳定性、较小的流体指数(n=0.06)和较好的触变性(SR=0.42)。加入WPMP的油脂乳液的油滴粒径显著小于加入WPC的油脂乳液(P<0.05),且加入在pH值为5.5时制备的WPMP,可获得油滴粒径最小(13.28μm)的油脂乳液。相较于加入WPC制得的油脂乳液,WPMP油脂乳液在模拟胃肠消化液中具有更高的稳定性和更低的FFA释放率,且不同pH值条件下制备的WPMP油脂乳液具有不同的FFA释放率。研究证实,WPMP对消化道内胆盐界面取代、脂肪酶-辅脂酶界面吸附具有一定阻隔作用,因此,WPMP对油脂乳液的消化吸收具有一定的抑制作用,且受WPMP界面结构调控。希望研究结果可为定向设计乳液结构从而抑制油脂消化提供参考。     

菌种配比对发酵猪耳西式火腿品质的影响

以猪耳为原料,经乳酸菌发酵加工西式火腿。借助国际通用的物性测定仪,通过单因子试验探讨了发酵猪耳西式火腿在加工过程中乳酸菌菌种配比对该产品的物性(包括硬度、弹性、咀嚼性、凝聚性、黏着性和脆性)、出品率、pH值以及感官品质的影响。结果表明:①以乳酸菌接种量15%,发酵24h计,当菌种-A和菌种-B按1∶1的比例组合时,产品可获得较理想的pH值和感官评分。②菌种配比对产品的物性有显著的影响,但无明显的规律,各物性之间也无明显的相关性。③发酵菌种配比对产品出品率没有显著的影响。     

氯化钙-无花果蛋白酶-猕猴桃蛋白酶体系对兔肉肌原纤维蛋白结构的协同作用

探究氯化钙-无花果蛋白酶-猕猴桃蛋白酶复合体系对肌原纤维蛋白(myofibrillar protein,MP)的协同降解作用,对比经复配组、氯化钙组、猕猴桃蛋白酶组和无花果蛋白酶组处理后的兔肉肌原纤维小片化指数、MP溶解度、可溶性蛋白含量(soluble protein content,SPC)、MP表面疏水性及十二烷...     

冷等离子体技术在蛋白质改性中的应用研究进展

蛋白质是人体必需的营养素之一,其营养价值和功能特性决定了加工食品的品质和稳定性。然而天然蛋白质的功能特性往往不能满足现代食品工业的需求,因此通过相应的科学技术改善蛋白质的功能特性显得十分必要。相比于传统改性方法,冷等离子体技术是一种新兴的非热物理改性方法,具有操作温度低、无需外源化学试剂、节约成本等优势,能够最大限度保留蛋白质营养价值的同时改善其功能特性。本文综述了冷等离子体不同产生方式的优缺点以及在食品领域的研究现状,并对冷等离子体技术改善蛋白质功能特性的应用研究进行了系统总结,以期为冷等离子体技术在蛋白质改性方面的应用提供理论支撑。     

食物中抗性淀粉的研究进展

在查阅的近十几年对淀粉在人肠道内消化吸收的文献基础上,综述了食物中抗性淀粉的研究进展,抗性淀粉是指不能在健康正常人小肠中消化吸收的淀粉及其降解物食中物存在抗性淀粉可分为３类,物理包埋淀粉（ＲＳＩ）抗性淀粉颗粒（ＲＳ２）和老化淀粉（ＲＳ３）其检测一般采用体外肠道模拟酶解法,影响食物中抗性淀粉形成的因素主要有淀粉自身的理化性质,食物中的其它成分,处理方式和工艺以及食物形态等,抗性淀粉属于人体无法消化吸     

稀土Nd掺杂Ti/RuO2-Co3O4电极电催化性能研究

采用热分解法在400℃下制备了稀土Nd改性Ti/RuO2-Co3O4氧化物阳极,对稀土Nd掺杂量进行优化。利用SEM、EDX及XRD等分析方法对电极表面形貌、组成及结构进行了表征,通过开路电压、循环伏安、极化曲线及强化电解寿命等电化学方法研究了电极的析氧催化活性及稳定性。结果表明:稀土Nd掺杂使表面层晶粒细化,晶型饱满,且促进活性组分RuO2向电极表面富集,增加电极催化活性中心;掺杂量为20:1时,电极析氧性能最佳,伏安电荷容量高达686mC/cm2,反应活化能低至16.76kJ/mol,掺入稀土Nd后电极基体与涂层的结合力增强,电极强化电解寿命高达158h。     

Optimization of nobiletin extraction assisted by microwave from orange byproduct using response surface methodology

Nobiletin (NOB) is a well-known polymethoxylated flavone that has only been found in citrus. The objective of this study is to obtain the optimal conditions for extracting nobiletin from sweet orange residues by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) using response surface method. By using the Box-Behnken experimental design and SAS software 3 independent variables including solid/solvent ratio, microwave power, and treatment time were examined for the response variable nobiletin extraction yield. The regression Eq. 7 statistically significant (p<0.001) and R² was 0.9189. Based on our regression result and considering the feasibility of experiment conduction, we chose the following independent variable values as the optimized conditions for the extraction of NOB: 1:21.91 (g/mL) for the solid/solvent ratio, 14.16 min for the treatment time, and 693.72 W for the microwave power. Under these conditions, the nobiletin yield of 267.8 μg/g of byproduct was achieved.