Cooked Blue Crab Claw Meat Aroma Compared with Lump Meat

Sensory evaluation of claw and lump crabmeats by sniffing indicated no aroma difference (p > 0.05); however, differences (p < 0.05) were found between the taste and aromatics of aqueous extracts of both meats. Eleven aroma notes (combined total) were found in the meats by aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA). Flavor dilution factors for compounds common to both meats were not statistically different (p > 0.05). Aroma notes found to have highest intensity in both meats were: meaty/salty/soy sauce [3-(methylthio)-propanal], sweet/fruity, metallic/rubber/gasoline, nutty/popcorn [2-acetyl-l-pyrroline], nutty/popcorn, pine/sweet/hay/dry seaweed, and mushroom/solvent.     

Titanium diboride copper-matrix composites

Copper-matrix titanium diboride platelet (3–5 μm) composites containing 15–60 vol% TiB2, were fabricated by powder metallurgy, using copper-coated TiB2 (60 vol% TiB2) and various amounts of copper powder. The porosity was ≤0.5% when TiB2 was ≤48 vol%. Above 48 vol% TiB2, the porosity increased abruptly with increasing TiB2 content, reaching 6.7% at 60 vol% TiB2. As a result, the hardness and compressive yield strength dropped precipitously with increasing TiB2 volume fraction beyond 48%. At 48 vol% TiB2, the thermal conductivity was 176 W m-1°C-1, the electrical resistivity was 3.42× 10-6Ωcm, the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) was 10.2×10-6°C-1, the compressive yield strength was 659 MPa, and the Brinell hardness was 218. For composites made by conventional powder metallurgy, using a mixture of TiB2 platelets (not coated) and copper powder, the porosity was ≤1.8% when TiB2 was at ≤42 vol%; above 42 vol% TiB2, the porosity increased abruptly and the hardness and compressive yield strength decreased abruptly. The electrical resistivity and thermal conductivity were also affected by the porosity, but less so than the mechanical properties. Composites made using copper-coated TiB2 exhibited lower electrical resistivity, higher thermal conductivity, lower CTE, higher compressive yield strength, greater hardness, greater abrasive wear resistance, greater scratch resistance and lower porosity than the corresponding composites made from uncoated TiB2. This revised version was published online in November 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Relation of Single-Crystal Elastic Constants to Polycrystalline Isotropic Elastic Moduli of MgO: II, Temperature Dependence

The technical adiabatic elastic moduli E_[hkl] and G_hkl of single crystals of magnesium oxide were measured over the temperature range 298° to about 1600°K by a Förster-type resonance method. These data were compared with the low-temperature values (80° to 560°K) of the principal elastic constants c_ij and coefficients Sy reported by Durand. Combining Durand's data and the present data, the elastic moduli for single-crystal magnesium oxide were evaluated for the temperature range 80° to 1600°K. Young's modulus and the shear modulus of densely formed isotropic polycrystalline magnesium oxide were measured over the temperature range 298° to 1600°K. The data on the elastic constants of the single crystals were compared with the measured elastic moduli of the isotropic polycrystalline magnesium oxide on the basis of the Voigt-Reuss-Hill approximation. The temperature dependence of the elastic moduli was fitted into the expression M = M_c— BT exp (—T_c/T) suggested by Wachtman et al. ; mean deviations were less than 0.4% for the temperature range considered. The significance of the present data is discussed with particular emphasis on the following points: (1) the temperature variation of the elastic modulus is a function of thermal expansion, (2) the temperature dependence of the elastic modulus can be well described by the foregoing expression for a wide range of temperature, (3) the expression gives a value of the elastic modulus at 0°K, and (4) it may be possible to make use of measurements on the elastic properties of a densely sintered polycrystalline material to obtain information heretofore obtainable only from the corresponding single-crystal data.     

台北101大楼钢结构工程之施工监造(Ⅰ)

坐落于台北盆地软弱地质以及饱受地震、台风等天灾侵袭的“TAIPEI 101”成为了世界最高建筑物大楼的代名词,相较于海外超高层大楼的环境与条件。508m高的台北101大楼有着截然不同的困难与挑战。然而在众人的瞩目下。台北101大楼已昂首耸立于台北新天空,其整体工程亦已实质完工。“Bringing Taipci to The World”一直是业主团队期望打造的远大愿景,在国际观的思维考量下,安全、品质与专业分工为本工程最重要诉求,在“边设计、边施工”的模式下．业主一台北金融大楼股份有限公司选择了结合海内、外优秀国际团队进行联合承揽规划设计、监造管理与营建施工。在钢结构相关工程之施工与监造上,如特殊钢板规格以及相称焊材的研发与量产、巨型钢柱分节与吊运设备、巨柱制造电焊工法与过程控制、钢结构现场吊装与电焊品质控制、10,000psi（69MPa）之巨柱柱内灌浆规划与施工、429m高度的柱内灌浆验证与施工、裙楼80m跨距之造型屋顶构架制造与安装、5.5m直径及660t重之大型调质阻尼器质量块吊装与电焊、508m高度之塔尖顶升施工、331地震造成之损害与修护。以及配合多次施工中进行之大幅度补充设计及变更设计等等均为本工程艰困的施工特性。本公司有幸实质参与兴建台北101大楼之结构设计与结构监造工作长达七年时间,在所有团队的不懈努力下,台北101之结构工程终告圆满完成。本文旨在概要说明本工程钢结构工程之施工与监造之历程与结果,并佐以相关检讨与说明,期能供为学术界与工程界之参考。本文为第一部分。     

Separated Same Rectangle Feature for Face Detection

The paper proposes a new method of "Separated Same Rectangle Feature (SSRF)" for face detection.Generally,Haar-Like feature is used to make an Adaboost training algorithm with strong classifier.Haar-like feature is composed of two or more attached same rectangles,Inefficiency of the Haar-like feature often results from two or more attached same rectangles.But the proposed SSRF are composed of two separated same rectangles.So,it is very flexible and detailed.Therefore it creates more accuate strong classifier than Haar-Like feature.SSRF uses integral image to reduce executive time.Haar-Iike feature calculates the sum of intensities of pixels on two or more rectangles.But SSRF always calculates the sum of in-tensities of pixels on only two rectangles.The weak classifier of Ada-boost algorithm based on SSRF is faster than one based an Haar-likefeature.In the experiment,we use 1 000 face images and 1 000non-face images for Adaboost training.The proposed SSRF shows about 0,9% higher accuracy than Haar-Iike features.     

Development of Independent Moving Puppet Robot

This paper is about the automation of the marionette performance.A method to solve the problem on the mobility of the automated marionette performance is proposed.Since it is difficult to control the marionette by hands,as an alternative,the automated marionette is studied.Hovever,the automatic marionette performance is limited in the silence and mobility.Therefore,an independent shifter to move freely on the stage is required.The magnetic device which connects the movable robot and the marionette controlling robot is conceived.The magnetic device is improved and applied by considering the features of the marionette robot,which is the irregular movement of the marionette controller and of the parallel limited area.The burden of being trapped on the magnet is minimized by dividing the robot to the upper and lower parts of the marionette performance stage.The direction of the magnet is considered to make the mobile robot to move freely.Thus,the efficiency and safety of the device is confirmed by balancing the strength with the permanent magnet.     

Effects of loading and routeing decisions on performance of flexible manufacturing systems

Research has found that while flexibility is purported to be a prime advantage of flexible manufacturing systems (FMS), it has not yet become a major competitive priority for American and European manufacturers. Moreover, many installed systems either are not very flexible or do not use the available flexibility to the best advantages. We suspect that inappropriate application of the conventional production management concepts to FMS is one of the major factors that hinders current FMSs from capturing their key advantage: flexibility. This paper takes a first step to examine why the conventional job shop loading and fixed routeing concepts fail to capture the flexibility of FMS. Once problems are identified we suggest ways to exploit the FMS flexibility. We further conduct an experiment to investigate FMS performance under different manufacturing policies and operating conditions. The results indicate that the performance of an FMS greatly diminishes when the conventional job shop loading and fixed routeing concepts are applied. This is because the inherent flexibility of the FMS is not fully utilized. Moreover, the operating conditions such as tooling duplication levels and operation processing time variation could also significantly affect the FMS performance.