IDENTIFICATION OF HURDLES FOR IMPROVING STORAGE STABILITY OF BRAISED KIDNEY BEANS, A KOREAN SEASONED SIDE DISH

The aim of this study was to identify factors affecting the preservation of braised kidney beans, a traditional Korean side dish, to extend its shelf life. The effects of ingredient formulation, refrigerated storage and modified atmosphere packaging on storage stability and/or sensory quality were examined. Count of yeast/mold was selected as a primary quality index from the storage test at 10C. A formulation was found in cooked kidney beans, sugar, soy sauce and corn syrup to provide the retarded microbial growth and affordable sensory quality. The temperature dependence value (Q₁₀) for the shelf life of the stretch-wrapped product was 2.0 for temperatures of 5 to 20C. Modified atmosphere packaging (60% CO₂/40% N₂ or 100% CO₂) extended the shelf life at 10C by 500% (to 36 days) compared to air packaging (6 days) based on criteria of yeast/mold growth. Equations for estimating microbial spoilage and shelf life were derived as function of temperature.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

Microbial growth retardation by ingredient formulation change, chilled storage and high CO₂ modified atmosphere packaging is useful to design the processing, packaging and distribution of the Korean side dish product. Quality change kinetics of yeast/mold growth established can be used for determining shelf life of the product under different storage temperature conditions. Through the scale-up procedure, the knowledge found in this study will be useful for the industrial processing and storage of the seasoned side dishes.     

Zn_4B_6O_(13)∶Eu~(3+)的合成与光致发光

用高温固相扩散方法首次合成了由Eu3 + 离子激活的Zn4B6O13 红色光致发光材料。用XRD分析了样品结构 ,结果表明 :Zn3 .94B6O13 ∶Eu3 + 为立方晶系 ,晶胞参数a =0 .7471nm ,V =0 .4170nm3 。研究了Eu3 + 在Zn4B6O13 中的强激发带位于 3 94nm ,主要发射峰位于610nm归属Eu3 + 离子的5D0 →7F2 电偶极跃迁发射 ,根据发射光谱计算色坐标为x =0 .2 81,y =0 .619。SEM摄取了样品的清晰晶体外貌 ,平均颗粒度为 15 μm左右。加入一定量助熔剂使发射光谱的相对发射强度增加了 2 .3 2～ 3 .86倍。     

On-board handling and freezing of the sea scallop, Placopecten magellanicus

The effects of on-board handling and freezing on the quality of meats from the sea scallop, Placopecten magellanicus , in the Atlantic Canadian fishery were investigated. The results show that meats frozen within 6 h of catching, pre-rigor, were markedly superior to meats frozen after storage in ice for up to 10 days, with lower drip loss, more tender texture, less flavour loss and higher overall acceptability.
Inferior results were obtained without pre-chilling of the meats before storage in cotton bags in melting ice and with live holding for 3 days followed by freezing and storage at minus 30°C for up to 6 months. Days in ice before freezing, however, exerted by far the greatest influence on quality.
According to these results, freezing on board warrants consideration on grounds of superior quality including increased yield of cooked product.     

EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION AND PREDICTIONS OF BREAKTHROUGH CURVES IN A FIXED BED OF SILICA GEL USING THE TRANSFER UNIT APPROACH

A semi-empirical model was developed to predict the breakthrough curves of moisture adsorption on silica gel under different operating conditions. The model requires only the basic physical and transfer properties of the flowing gas stream. Experimental breakthrough curves were determined in this study for correlating some model parameters. These dynamic experiments were carried out with different values of the gas velocity, the inlet humidity, and the properties of the adsorbent. The breakthrough curves of the modified silica gel with neutron flux in a previous study were used to verify the proposed model. It is feasible to develop a single adsorption model to simulate the fixed-bed breakthrough curves for original and modified silica gels. The results show that the complex breakthrough curves can be predicted and are in very good agreement with the experimental data.     

考虑负荷和风电出力不确定性的输电系统机会约束规划

提出了一种考虑负荷和风电场输出功率不确定性、基于机会约束规划的输电系统规划方法。将Monte Carlo方法与解析的概率潮流计算方法相结合,得到含风电场电网输电线路的有功概率潮流分布。通过改进经典的输电系统规划模型,得到考虑负荷和风电场有功出力的概率分布、基于概率潮流计算的输电系统机会约束规划模型。为了有效求解该模型,设计了一种两步式遗传算法。该方法可以有效处理输电系统规划中的不确定性,并为规划人员提供比传统方法更丰富的信息。算例证明了该方法的有效性。     

采用拉丁超立方采样的电力系统概率潮流计算方法

与简单随机采样相结合的蒙特卡罗（Monte Carlo）模拟法只有在采样规模足够大时才能得到高精度的计算结果,计算量较大。文中提出了用拉丁超立方采样和Gram-Schmidt序列正交化方法改善采样值对输入随机变量的分布空间的覆盖程度、提高采样效率的计算方法,并应用于概率潮流计算中。IEEE 14节点系统和IEEE 118节点系统的算例验证了该方法的有效性。与传统方法相比,文中所述方法可以降低采样规模,更有效地估计输出随机变量的统计参数和概率分布,同时保留蒙特卡罗模拟法的优点,在处理相同随机变量的一系列随机问题时可以显著降低计算量。     

基于智能体仿真的无功市场力分析

在无功市场的规划和设计阶段,潜在的市场力是一个必须认真考虑的重要问题。现有的无功市场力评估指标大都只考虑了电力系统的技术特征,没有考虑市场参与者的策略性投标行为。在此背景下,提出了基于智能体代理的市场仿真方法以研究无功市场中参与者的博弈行为,其中采用了模仿者动态算法来模拟参与者追求利润最大化的理性行为。发展了计及发电机强制（免费）无功出力要求的统一价格竞价模式和按报价结算竞价模式,并利用得到的结算电价计算无功市场力指标,即无功价格成本裕度指标。最后,以CIGR 32节点系统为例说明了所述方法的基本特征。算例分析结果表明:在统一价格结算模式下,潜在的市场力比按报价结算模式下更为严重。     

基于启发式搜索分离向量的凸多面体碰撞检测

碰撞检测是计算机模拟物理过程的基础，在计算机图形学、CAD／CAM、虚拟现实和机器人等领域有着广泛的应用．该文给出了一个新的用于凸多面体碰撞检测的算法——HP-jump．HP-jump建立了一个有效的碰撞检测模型用于报告物体的碰撞，同时提供了一个快速的启发式的策略用于搜索两个凸多面体的分离向量．该算法是利用凸多面体的层次表示来搜索支撑顶点对，用平衡二叉树来记录球面凸多边形的顶点，同时还利用了时间、空间相关性，这些都加速了算法的执行．该文的最后给出了HP-jump与GJK，I-COLLIDE算法的比较．     

Water Binding and Ingredient Dispersion Pattern Effects on Surimi Gel Texture

Water binding, thermotransitional properties and the dispersion pattern of ingredients were studied in relation to their texture-modifying effects in surimi gels. The DSC-measured bound water (unfreezable at ?30°C) of surimi gels prepared with potato starch with and without pregelatinization highly correlated with compressive force (r=0.94) and inversely correlated with expressible moisture (R=?0.99) of the gels. For nonfish proteins, however, physically bound water contributed more than the DSC-measured bound water to gel strength. The ability to undergo thermal transition (size expansion and water absorption) and dispersion pattern of ingredients were responsible for the differences in texture-modifying effects.