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11.
Cones and foci: A mechanical framework for protocol verification 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We define a cones and foci proof method, which rephrases the question whether two system specifications are branching bisimilar in terms of proof obligations on relations between data objects. Compared to the original cones and foci method from Groote and Springintveld, our method is more generally applicable, because it does not require a preprocessing step to eliminate τ-loops. We prove soundness of our approach and present a set of rules to prove the reachability of focus points. Our method has been formalized and proved correct using PVS. Thus we have established a framework for mechanical protocol verification. We apply this framework to the Concurrent Alternating Bit Protocol.
相似文献
相似文献
12.
Gelinck GH Huitema HE van Veenendaal E Cantatore E Schrijnemakers L van der Putten JB Geuns TC Beenhakkers M Giesbers JB Huisman BH Meijer EJ Benito EM Touwslager FJ Marsman AW van Rens BJ de Leeuw DM 《Nature materials》2004,3(2):106-110
At present, flexible displays are an important focus of research. Further development of large, flexible displays requires a cost-effective manufacturing process for the active-matrix backplane, which contains one transistor per pixel. One way to further reduce costs is to integrate (part of) the display drive circuitry, such as row shift registers, directly on the display substrate. Here, we demonstrate flexible active-matrix monochrome electrophoretic displays based on solution-processed organic transistors on 25-microm-thick polyimide substrates. The displays can be bent to a radius of 1 cm without significant loss in performance. Using the same process flow we prepared row shift registers. With 1,888 transistors, these are the largest organic integrated circuits reported to date. More importantly, the operating frequency of 5 kHz is sufficiently high to allow integration with the display operating at video speed. This work therefore represents a major step towards 'system-on-plastic'. 相似文献
13.
Miranda Huisman Helle Lindberg Madsen Leif H. Skibsted Grete Bertelsen 《Zeitschrift für Lebensmitteluntersuchung und -Forschung A》1994,198(1):57-59
Rosemary (dried leaves ofRosmarinus officinalis L.) added to cooked meat balls (minced pork) was found to retard the formation of warmed over flavour (WOF) during chill storage. The spice was added to pork meat (Longissimus dorsi) balls in an amount acceptable for the product, as evaluated by a sensory panel (0.05% of total weight). After cooking (water bath, internal temperature 80°C), the meat balls were packed using five atmosphere packaging conditions: (i) air; (ii) 5% O2/95% N2; (iii) 3% O2/97% N2; (iv) 1% O2/99% N2; and (v) 100% N2. During chill storage (5°C), the sensory quality of the reheated meat balls was evaluated by a trained sensory panel, and lipid oxidation was followed by measurement of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). The combination of decreased O2 atmosphere in the packages and addition of rosemary resulted in a significantly (p<0.05) lower amount of TBARS and a significantly (p<0.05) better sensory score.
Gemeinsamer Effekt von Rosmarin (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) und Verpackung in modifizierter Atmosphäre auf den Aufwärmegeschmack (WOF) von wärmebehandeltem, gehacktem Schweinefleisch
Zusammenfassung Rosmarin (getrocknete Blätter vonRosmarinus officinalis L.), erwärmten Fleischklößen (gehacktes Schweinefleisch) zugesetzt, hinderte die Entwicklung des Aufwärmgeschmacks (warmed over flavour) während der Kühllagerung. Das Gewürz wurde den aus Schweinefleisch (Longissimus dorsi) hergestellten Fleischklößen in einer für das Produkt akzeptablen Menge zugegeben, beurteilt von einem sensorischen Panel (0.05% des Totalgewichtes). Nach der Wärmebehandlung (Wasserbad, Zentrum-Temperatur 80°C) wurden die Fleischklöße in fünf unterschiedlichen und kontrollierten Atmosphären wie folgt verpackt: (i) Luft; (ii) 5% O2/95% N2; (iii) 3% O2/97% N2; (iv) 1% O2/99% N2 und (v) 100% N2. Während der Kühllagerung (5°C) wurde die sensorische Qualität der wiedererwärmten Fleischklöße von einem geschulten Panel beurteilt und die Lipid-Oxidation durch Messung der Thiobarbitursäure-reaktiven Substanzen (TBARS) beobachtet. Die Kombination von ermäßigtem Sauerstoffgehalt in den Verpackungen mit der Zugabe von Rosmarin ergab eine signifikant (p<0.05) niedrigere Menge TBARS wie auch signifikant (p<0.05) bessere Punkte in der sensorischen Beurteilung.相似文献
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15.
Groundwater studies in several African countries show that the contamination of water-supply aquifers is mainly due to improper
placement of land-based activities such as agriculture, industries, waste disposal. In South Africa, groundwater pollution
is also of increasing concern due to fast population growth and accompanying development. Groundwater protection zoning is
a supplemental methodology for groundwater management that incorporates land use planning. The land is managed to minimize
the potential of groundwater contamination by human activities that occur on or below the land surface. The various benefits
associated with implementation of protection zoning are discussed for stakeholders such as communities, water supply companies,
ecosystems and policy makers. A South African case study is presented comparing the cost of protection with the cost incurred
due to the treatment of sick and dying people due to contaminated drinking water. These benefits must be communicated to the
stakeholders to start the implementation at all management levels. Implementation steps of groundwater protection zones are
discussed and can be tested even with low budgets and little data available. Monitoring and reassessment of protection zones
are important to test the effectiveness and prove to decision makers that the money was well spent. The legal framework for
implementation of groundwater protection zoning in a South African context is described, where the water law makes provision
for tools like differentiated protection, licensing and recovery of cost. Challenges regarding implementation of groundwater
protection are discussed with some action steps on how to move forward. 相似文献
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17.
A key question in setting up take-back systems for discarded consumer electronics is how much environmental improvement can be realized per amount of money invested. With the eco-efficiency concept developed, the environmental and economic performance of single products within various end-of-life scenarios can be quantified as well as the contribution of individual materials and material fractions to this performance. Also analysis the effectiveness and efficiency of optimization and changes in the take-back system like, glass recycling and plastic recycling, and Design for End-of-Life activities is determined. Moreover, the environmental effectiveness and cost-efficiency effects of the European Waste of Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) Directive is reviewed. Based on the eco-efficiency analyses, an implementation roadmap for this legislation is proposed in order to further improve environmental performance on one hand and to minimize costs on the other hand. 相似文献
18.
T Namitha Asokan K S Urmil Rajani Jaco Rachel Reena Philip G S Okram V Ganesan B Pradeep 《半导体学报》2014,35(5):052001-6
Polycrystalline thin films of silver antimony selenide have been deposited using a reactive evaporation technique onto an ultrasonically cleaned glass substrate at a vacuum of 10-5 torr. The preparative parameters, like substrate temperature and incident fluxes, have been properly controlled in order to get stoichiometric, good quality and reproducible thin film samples. The samples are characterized by XRD, SEM, AFM and a UV-vis-NIR spectrophotometer. The prepared sample is found to be polycrystalline in nature. From the XRD pattern, the average particle size and lattice constant are calculated. The dislocation density, strain and number of crystallites per unit area are evaluated using the average particle size. The dependence of the electrical conductivity on the temperature has also been studied and the prepared AgSbSe2 samples are semiconducting in nature. The AgSbSe2 thin films exhibited an indirect allowed optical transition with a band gap of 0.64 eV. The compound exhibits promising thermoelectric properties, a large Seebeck coefficient of 30 mV/K at 48 K due to strong phonon electron interaction. It shows a strong temperature dependence on thermoelectric properties, including the inversion of a dominant carrier type from p to n over a low temperature range 9-300 K, which is explained on the basis of a phonon drag effect. 相似文献
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20.
Bahareh Badban Wan Fokkink Jan Friso Groote Jun Pang Jaco van de Pol 《Formal Aspects of Computing》2005,17(3):342-388
We prove the correctness of a sliding window protocol with an arbitrary finite window size n and sequence numbers modulo 2n. The correctness consists of showing that the sliding window protocol is branching bisimilar to a queue of capacity 2n. The proof is given entirely on the basis of an axiomatic theory, and has been checked in the theorem prover PVS.
Received November 2004
Revised June 2005
Accepted July 2005 by J. V. Tucker 相似文献