苯酐法合成蒽醌固体酸催化剂的进展

蒽醌(AQ)是重要的有机合成中间体,采用固体酸催化剂代替传统的液体酸催化剂可以使蒽醌合成过程绿色环保。笔者对固体酸催化剂硅-铝酸盐、粘土矿物、金属氧化物、分子筛、杂多酸催化剂、阳离子交换树脂应用于蒽醌合成的研究进展进行了综述,认为固体酸催化剂对蒽醌合成有很好的研究前景。     

α-Fe2O3/煤矸石复合光催化剂的制备及其降解五氯酚性能的研究

以Fe（NO₃）₃、煤矸石和NaOH为原料,采用沸腾回流法制得了一系列不同质量比的α-Fe₂O₃/煤矸石复合光催化剂。采用场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）、X射线衍射仪（XRD）及紫外-可见漫反射光谱（UV-Vis DRS）等多种手段对产物做了表征。以五氯酚为目标降解物,考察了模拟太阳光照下样品的光催化效果。结果表明,将球形α-Fe₂O₃负载于改性煤矸石表面可有效提高其光催化活性,且α-Fe₂O₃/煤矸石复合光催化剂的性能与α-Fe₂O₃的含量有关,当α-Fe₂O₃与煤矸石的质量比为30∶100时,样品的光催化效果最佳,180 min内即可将五氯酚降解完全。此外,α-Fe₂O₃/煤矸石复合光催化剂还具有可重复使用的特点。     

电沉积触媒的制备及其合成金刚石的研究

用电沉积的方法以Ni70Mn25Co5为基材制备了合成金刚石的触媒，选择适当的合成条件，在国产六面顶压机上用此电沉积触媒合成出颜色和晶型都较好的金刚石，为纯铁片做为基材制备电沉积触媒，降低合成金刚石触媒生产成本奠定了一定基础。     

Advances in Manufacturing Boron Carbide-Aluminum Composites

An infiltration method for preparing a boron carbide-aluminum (B₄C-AI) composite was modified so as to reduce the processing temperature and time. Titanium metal and titanium-based compounds were added to B₄C powders to enhance the wettability of the liquid aluminum on boron carbide skeletons. As expected, the time required for infiltration was significantly reduced on using the additives. Of these additives titanium metal was the most effective in facilitating aluminum infiltration. Another method, involving the heat treatment of boron carbide compacts at 1300°3C for 1 h before infiltration, was attempted, and a significant improvement was gained. These findings show that the treatment modified the surface condition of boron carbide powders via the removal of oxides. An additional attempt was made to increase the boron carbide content of the system by using a bimodal powder mixture. A maximum green density of 78% was achieved by mixing fine particle size and coarse particle size powders. The infiltrated boron carbide composites prepared using a bimodal powder with a preinfiltration heat treatment of the compacts exhibited promising mechanical properties, such as a Vickers hardness ( H _V) of 11 Gpa and an indentation toughness ( K _IC) in the range of 5–7.5 MPa·m^1/2.     

Design of a slave arm of a surgical robot system to estimate the contact force at the tip of the employed instruments

Acquisition of the contact force at the instrument tip can enable better performance, e.g. transparency of the haptic feedback in the surgical robot systems. It is, however, difficult to measure the contact force directly due to technical limitations in attaching sensors to the tip of the instruments. This paper proposes a method to estimate the forces by installing the sensors away from the instrument tip. The proposed method employs specially designed mechanical parts of the slave robot, i.e. a slider cover plate for the z-axis translational force along the insertion direction, and docking clamps for the rotational pivot torques around the fulcrum point. Strain gauges are attached to specially designed places with enhancing shapes. The simulation results of the force estimation are presented to confirm the strain concentration area. The proposed method is validated with quantitative experimental results. Calibrated weights are determined upon the comparison of the strain value with a calibrated 6-axis force/torque sensor. The percentage error in the force calibration is about 5~8% calculated by the root mean square error (RMSE) of force-sensing performance. In addition, it can be computed by considering only the bending phase of each sensor although the hysteresis is observed from the calibration graph.     

Effects of mixing conditions on the reaction of 3‐octanoylthio‐1‐propyltriethoxysilane during mixing with silica filler and natural rubber

The effects of mixing temperature and mixing time on the reaction of 3‐octanoylthio‐1‐propyltriethoxysilane (NXT silane) during mixing with precipitated silica and natural rubber (NR) were investigated. Results showed that the reaction between NXT silane and precipitated silica can proceed at temperatures above 130°C. Because of the blocking group of NXT silane, the silane–NR coupling reactivity is low, so that the reaction of NXT silane with NR occurs only during the curing period. There is no reaction between NXT silane and NR during mixing, which showed that the mixing time of silica‐filled NR compound containing NXT silane must be longer than 10 min at 150°C to obtain the desired silane coupling efficiency. With increasing mill temperature, the coupling efficiency increases. A high mixing temperature promotes improvement of silane–silica coupling efficiency, although the tensile strength, 100% modulus, 300% modulus, and hardness of NR vulcanizates decrease. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 94: 2295–2301, 2004     

一种多接口多信道VANET动态信道分配算法研究

为了合理地实现多接口多信道车载自组织网络（VANET）车辆节点间通信信道的动态分配,提出了一种基于通信双方车辆节点信道切换队列的动态信道分配算法。定义了车辆节点的射频接口状态,给出了信道的性能因子以及信道切换队列的生成方法,通过综合考虑通信双方车辆节点的射频接口状态和信道切换队列,快速自主地建立通信链路,从而解决了信道公平接入和分配不合理的问题。通过软件仿真比较可以看出,该算法实现了信道的动态分配,减小了平均端到端时延,增加了网络平均吞吐量,显著提高了多接口多信道VANET的网络性能。     

基于个性诊断的路段缺失速度值估计

针对基于GPS的浮动车技术因无法做到对路网的时空间全覆盖导致部分路段实时交通状态缺失问题,提出基于热门路段个性化诊断(personality diagnosis base on popular road,PDPR)模型对各路段上的缺失速度值进行估计。使用K均值算法对所有原始数据作离散化处理,根据数据覆盖率对路段进行分类;以高覆盖率路段的速度数据为辅助,使用个性诊断算法(personality diagnosis,PD)对低覆盖率路段进行缺失速度估计,把估计值映射到连续型空间。实验结果表明,PDPR模型估计误差比PPCA(probabilistic principal component analysis)算法低32.84%,比滑动平均法低5.70%。     

Thermogenic Effect from Nutritionally Enriched Coffee Consumption

Background  

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of nutritionally enriched JavaFit™ (JF) coffee (450 mg of caffeine, 1200 mg of garcinia cambogia, 360 mg of citrus aurantium extract, and 225 mcg of chromium polynicotinate) on resting oxygen uptake (VO₂), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), heart rate (HR), and blood pressure (BP) in healthy and physically active individuals.     

Migration of Intergranular Liquid Films and Formation of Core-Shell Grains in Sintered TiC–Ni Bonded to WC–Ni

When TiC–20 wt% Ni powder mixtures are sintered at 1400°C, relatively large TiC grains possibly containing some Ni form with near-equilibrium shapes. When these specimens are heat-treated again at 1400°C in contact with sintered WC–20 wt% Ni pieces, the liquid films between the TiC grains in the contact region migrate against their increasing curvatures, forming (Ti,W)C solid solution behind them. These migrating liquid films reverse their directions on further heat-treatment. As in other alloys, this liquid film migration must be driven by the coherency strain energy produced by W diffusion at the surface of the dissolving TiC grains. Shells of (Ti,W)C solid solution also form around the cores of TiC grains near the contact region, and this process is probably driven by both coherency strain energy and free energy of mixing. At some contact regions, (Ti,W)C precipitates nucleate and grow, probably driven mainly by the free energy of mixing. In powder mixtures, the formation of core-shell grains is expected to be driven by the coherency strain energy, the free energy of mixing, and the capillary effect.