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51.
BACKGROUND: The effect of topical corticosteroids after excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) remains a matter of some controversy. Refractive effects may be different according to the amount of myopia and timing of instillation. METHODS: Two groups of patients were studied: Study A consisted of 215 eyes (128 patients) with PRK (mean baseline myopia, -6.53 +/- 2.22 D) that received no corticosteroids (No Corticosteroid Group) unless significant regression or corneal haze appeared (Delayed Corticosteroid Group), and in Study B, we randomly assigned eyes to the Initial Corticosteroid Group (mean baseline myopia, -6.39 +/- 1.84 D) or the No/delayed Corticosteroid Group (mean baseline myopia -5.78 +/- 2.02 D). Clinical results after PRK for low-to-moderate and high myopia were compared. RESULTS: In the first group, 70.9% (73 eyes) of moderately myopic eyes (mean, -4.56 +/- 1.10 D) belonged to the No Corticosteroid Group that had a mean refraction of -5.39 +/- 1.77 D. Delayed Corticosteroid Group eyes were more myopic (mean, -7.52 +/- 2.10 D), and showed more severe haze than those in the No Corticosteroid Group. In study B, only in high myopes with more than -6.00 D (mean, -7.76 +/- 1.15 D) did refraction and corneal haze outcomes show significant difference between the Initial Corticosteroid Group and the No/delayed Corticosteroid Group. CONCLUSIONS: The effects of topical corticosteroids after PRK were less in moderate myopes compared to high myopes. Delayed instillation of corticosteroids did not reverse the regression or haze whereas initial instillation showed a beneficial effect on high myopes but not on moderate myopes. 相似文献
52.
Arthroscopic reduction and fixation of bony avulsion of the posterior cruciate ligament of the tibia
Bony avulsion fractures of the posterior cruciate ligament of the tibia have commonly been treated by open reduction and internal fixation using the posterior approach. However, this approach, using the prone position, makes it difficult to investigate and treat other combined injuries of the knee joint. We report a case of posterior cruciate ligament avulsion of the tibia that was arthroscopically reduced and firmly fixed with two cannulated screws. The posterior sag was absent after the operation and the result was excellent. By arthroscopy, we got rigid fixation of the avulsed fragment for early rehabilitation, and detection of a concomitant injury was also possible. 相似文献
53.
Ki Hyun Kim Yong Hoon Kang Byoungho Lee 《Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE》1997,9(12):1610-1612
A photorefractive volume hologram was recorded and probed using light diffracted from a tapered optical fiber as a reference beam. A single-mode fiber (SMF) was chemically etched and tapered to give a complicated beam pattern, and it is shown that the tapered optical fiber can be utilized to increase the storage density of the volume hologram. Spatial selectivity of the volume hologram with this method was increased by two times compared to the normal SMF referencing, which is due to the fact that the complicated beam pattern has little correlation with its shifted version 相似文献
54.
The purpose of this paper is to evaluate two methods of assessing the productivity and quality impact of Computer Aided Software Engineering (CASE) and Fourth Generation Language (4GL) technologies: (1) by the retrospective method; and (2) the cross-sectional method. Both methods involve the use of questionnaire surveys. Developers' perceptions depend on the context in which they are expressed and this includes expectations about the effectiveness of a given software product. Consequently, it is generally not reliable to base inferences about the relative merits of CASE and 4GLs on a cross-sectional comparison of two separate samples of users. The retrospective method that requires each respondent to directly compare different products is shown to be more reliable. However, there may be scope to employ cross-sectional comparisons of the findings from different samples where both sets of respondents use the same reference point for their judgements, and where numerical rather than verbal rating scales are used to measure perceptions. 相似文献
55.
Jan van Eijck 《Formal Aspects of Computing》1994,6(1):766-787
Presuppositions of utterances are the pieces of information you convey with an utterance no matter whether your utterance is true or not. We first study presupposition in a very simple framework of updating propositional information, with examples of how presuppositions of complex propositional updates can be calculated. Next we move on to presuppositions and quantification, in the context of a dynamic version of predicate logic, suitably modified to allow for presupposition failure. In both the propositional and the quantificational case, presupposition failure can be viewed as error abortion of procedures. Thus, a dynamic assertion logic which describes the preconditions for error abortion is the suitable tool for analysing presupposition. 相似文献
56.
57.
Min Jeong Noh Tae Gyun Kim In Kwon Hong Ki-Pung Yoo 《Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering》1995,12(1):48-55
A new transparent microscale circulation-type high pressure equilibrium cell with on-line sampling was devised. With this
apparatus, experimental solubility of molecularly complex species such as steroids (cholesterol, stigmasterol and ergosterol)
and fatty acids (palmitic acid and stearic acid) in supercritical carbon dioxide(sc-C02) were measured. Also, to find an appropriate substance for enhancing both the polarity and the solubility power of the SC-CO2 solvent, we arbitrarily selected three polar substances such as acetone, methanol and water and the effect of these cosolvents
on the solubility of solutes in SC-CO2 are examined. The supercritical phase equilibrium data of solute-cosolvent-sc-CO2 systems were quantitatively correlated using a new equation of state based on the lattice fluid theory incorporated with
the concept of multibody interaction. We found that the addition of tracer amount of acetone or methanol to SC-CO2 enhances the solubility of all solutes about thirty to sixty times when compared with the case of pure sc-CO2 However, for the case of cosolvent water, no further enhancement of the solubility of solutes was realized. Also, the versatile
fittability of the equation of state proposed in this work was demonstrated with the newly measured ternary supercritical
equilibrium data. 相似文献
58.
59.
This paper presents the results of a study in the design of a neural network based adaptive robotic control scheme. The neural network used here is a two hidden layer feedforward network and the learning scheme is the well-known backpropagation algorithm. The neural network essentially provides the inverse of the plant and acts in conjunction with a standard PD controller in the feedback loop. The objective of the controller is to accurately control the end position of a single link manipulator in the presence of large payload variations, variations in the link length and also variations in the damping constant. Based on results of this study, guidelines are presented in selecting the number of neurons in the hidden layers and also the parameters for the learning scheme used for training the network. Results also indicate that increasing the number of neurons in the hidden layer will improve the convergence speed of learning scheme up to a certain limit beyond which the addition of neurons will cause oscillations and instability. Guidelines for selecting the proper learning rate, momentum and fast backpropagation constant that ensure stability and convergence are presented. Also, a relationship between the r.m.s. error and the number of iterations used in training the neural network is established. 相似文献
60.
A new hybrid active power filter (APF) topology 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
In this paper, a new hybrid active power filter topology is presented. A higher-voltage, low-switching frequency insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) inverter and a lower-voltage high-switching frequency metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) inverter are used in combination to achieve harmonic current compensation. The function of the IGBT inverter is to support utility fundamental voltage and to compensate for the fundamental reactive power. The MOSFET inverter fulfills the function of harmonic current compensation. To further reduce cost and to simplify control, the IGBT and MOSFET inverters share the same DC-link via a split capacitor bank. With this approach harmonics can be cancelled over a wide frequency range. Compared to the conventional APF topology, the proposed approach employs lower dc-link voltage and generates less noise. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed active power filter topology is capable of compensating for the load harmonics 相似文献