Natural convection heat transfer from a horizontal cylinder using holographic interferometry

The natural convection heat transfer from a horizontal cylinder with a uniform wall temperature in an infinite space was experimentally investigated. Infinite fringe interferograms of the cylinder heated from 295.15 to 355.15 K were recorded using the holographic interferometry technique. The temperature field around the cylinder was reconstructed based on phase difference recovery using a MATLAB code. The distributions of the local and average Nusselt numbers over the cylinder were then obtained. A correlation of the average Nusselt number was proposed for a Rayleigh number range of 2.7–6.0 × 10⁴. The experimental results are in good agreement with previous correlations, with a deviation of ±10%. The holographic interferometry technique was found to be satisfactory and reliable for heat transfer analyses.     

多糖的降血压作用及其机制研究进展

高血压是全球范围内导致残疾和过早死亡的主要风险因素之一,我国高血压及其相关并发症呈逐年升高的趋势,并逐渐年轻化。口服降压药虽能暂时将血压控制在一个正常范围内,但是可能会对机体多个系统产生严重的不良反应。随着多糖与高血压的关系研究逐渐深入,越来越多的研究表明多糖作为天然活性物质,对高血压具有安全、副作用小的优势。本文从多糖类别、来源、剂量、动物模型等方面介绍了多糖的降血压作用效果,阐述了多糖调节肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统、改善内皮功能、调控多因子等降血压机制,简述了多糖与降血压作用的构效关系,对多糖应用于高血压的治疗前景进行了展望,为多糖降压药的研发提供了科学参考,也为高血压患者的疾病防治提供了更多的选择性。     

Enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity in AgI/BiOCOOH composite

AgI/BiOCOOH composite photocatalysts have been synthesized via a simple deposition-precipitation method. The crystal structure, microstructure, element valance, light and electrical properties of as prepared samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, UV–Vis DRS, PL, EIS and photocurrent response. The loading of AgI nanoparticles endowed BiOCOOH with good visible light absorption and photocatalytic activity for degrading rhodamine B. The composition with Ag:Bi?=?1:1 exhibited the best photocatalytic activity. The enhanced photocatalytic performance could be mainly attributed to the effective separation of the photogenerated carriers at the heterojunction. O^2? and h⁺ were suggested as the main reactive species in the photocatalytic reaction. In addition, the photocatalysts showed excellent stability over multiple reaction cycles.     

偶联反应器格栅的制作和组装工艺

格栅支持板是换热器中的主要部件,尤其是大尺寸的格栅支持板,以前国内没有先例,如何编制好它的制作工艺和程序,并且在实际过程中得到很好的执行,遇到问题及时调整处置,对它的加工、组装、和整体安装有着特别重要的作用。     

草原荒漠区红砂和珍珠猪毛菜群落分布特征分析

为探究影响红砂和珍珠猪毛菜群落空间分布的主要环境因子,采用点格局分析方法和冗余分析(RDA),分析了植物种的空间分布格局及其与环境因子之间的关系。研究结果显示：多年平均降水量的减少地点,红砂种群、珍珠猪毛菜种群的空间聚集程度减弱,向随机分布趋势转化,表现出种内促进关系逐渐减弱的适应策略;种间关联性也表现出随降水的减少物种之间的促进关系逐渐减弱。消除生境异质性后,红砂种群、珍珠猪毛菜种群均在>30 m尺度下随机分布,种群内部表现为相互独立;空间关联性整体均呈现为负相关,种间关系表现为相互竞争,降水减少的地点存在向无相关性转变的趋势。利用冗余分析识别出导致群落植被特征产生差异的主要因素是气候、土壤、海拔,因此在制定更为有效的荒漠灌木多样性保育措施时不仅要考虑植被本身的特性,也要加强对荒漠土壤环境的保护。     

面向异构计算的高性能计算算法与软件

研发适应国产异构计算环境的高性能计算算法与软件是非常重要的课题,对我国高性能计算软件研发匹配高性能计算硬件高水平发展的速度具有重要意义.本文首先简要介绍高性能计算应用软件的现状、趋势和面临挑战,并对几类典型高性能计算应用软件开展并行计算算法特征分析,涵盖了宇宙N体模拟、地球系统模式、计算材料相场动力学、分子动力学、量子计算化学和格点量子色力学等多个问题、尺度和领域.其次,我们讨论了面向国产异构计算系统的对策,提炼出若干典型应用算法和软件的共性问题,涉及核心算法、算法发展、优化策略等.最后,本文面向异构计算体系结构对高性能计算算法与软件进行了总结.     

基于分布式神经网络的苹果价格预测方法

针对传统农产品价格预测模型在大数据场景下无法快速准确对苹果市场价格进行预测的问题,提出一种基于分布式神经网络的苹果价格预测方法。首先,研究影响苹果市场价格的相关因素,选取苹果历史价格、替代品历史价格、居民消费水平和原油价格四个特征作为神经网络模型的输入;然后,构建蕴含价格波动规律的分布式神经网络模型,实现对苹果市场价格的短期预测。实验结果显示,基于分布式神经网络的苹果市场价格短期预测模型具有较高的预测精度,平均相对误差仅为0.50%,满足苹果市场价格预测的要求。实验结果表明,分布式神经网络模型能够通过自学习特性揭示出苹果市场价格的波动规律和发展趋势,所提方法能为稳定苹果市场秩序和市场价格宏观调控提供科学依据,有助于降低价格波动带来的危害,帮助果农规避市场风险。     

Ultrasound Speckle Reduction Based on Histogram Curve Matching and Region Growing

The quality of ultrasound scanning images is usually damaged by speckle noise. This paper proposes a method based on local statistics extracted from a histogram to reduce ultrasound speckle through a region growing algorithm. Unlike single statistical moment-based speckle reduction algorithms, this method adaptively smooths the speckle regions while preserving the margin and tissue structure to achieve high detectability. The criterion of a speckle region is defined by the similarity value obtained by matching the histogram of the current processing window and the reference window derived from the speckle region in advance. Then, according to the similarity value and tissue characteristics, the entire image is divided into several levels of speckle-content regions, and adaptive smoothing is performed based on these classification characteristics and the corresponding window size determined by the proposed region growing technique. Tests conducted from phantoms and in vivo images have shown very promising results after a quantitative and qualitative comparison with existing work.     

煤矸石粉/聚酯纤维沥青混合料低温抗裂性研究

为了研究煤矸石粉、聚酯纤维和反射裂缝对沥青混合料低温抗裂性能的影响,通过三点弯曲加载试验,选用五种煤矸石粉替代率(0％(质量分数,下同)、25％、50％、75％、100％)和六种聚酯纤维掺量(0％、0.3％、0.35％、0.4％、0.45％、0.5％),对试件底部中心无预切口和预切口偏移中心0 mm、10 mm、20 mm(模拟反射裂缝)的沥青混合料半圆形试件的低温抗裂性能进行研究;采用扫描电镜对煤矸石粉、聚酯纤维对沥青混合料低温抗裂性能的改善机理进行微观分析.通过试验得出:对于无预切口的SCB试件,聚酯纤维的最佳掺量为0.4％,煤矸石粉的最佳替代率为50％;对于有预切口的SCB试件,聚酯纤维的最佳掺量取值范围为0.38％～0.42％;随着预切口偏移距离的增大,沥青混合料所能承受的极限荷载逐渐减小,试件更容易破坏.微观机理分析得出:煤矸石粉的掺入,使填料级配得到了进一步细化,更有利于提高沥青混合料的抗裂性能;同时,聚酯纤维在沥青混合料内部能够充分形成均匀相互搭接的网格结构,沥青混合料的低温抗裂性能也最好.因此,掺加煤矸石粉和聚酯纤维能够减小反射裂缝对沥青混合料低温抗裂性能的危害.